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Expressed Powers

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The powers given specifically to the national government by the U.S. Constitution; also known as enumerated or delegated powers.

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Interstate Commerce

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Trade that takes place between two states or among several states.

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intrastate commerce

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trade that takes place within the borders of a state

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Unfunded Mandate

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A regulation or policy imposed by the national government on state and local governments without adequate federal funds to carry out the policy.

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Devolution

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The transfer of power from a central government to a regional or local government.

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Apportionment

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The distribution of seats in a legislature according to law.

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Gerrymandering

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Drawing the boundaries of a legislative district with the intent of giving one party or group a significant advantage.

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redistricting

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the process of redrawing the geographic boundaries of legislative districts after a census to reflect population changes

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Concurrent Powers

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Powers shared by both the national and state governments.

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Block Grant

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A type of federal grant that provides state and local governments with a specified amount of funding to assist in addressing broad purposes, such as community development or social services.