Transcription and Translation

Front

What type of RNA carries the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes?

Back

mRNA

Answer explanation

mRNA, or messenger RNA, is the type of RNA that carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. This makes mRNA the correct answer.

Front

What do we call the process of turning DNA into mRNA?

Back

Transcription

Answer explanation

The process of turning DNA into mRNA is called transcription. During transcription, the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence, which is essential for protein synthesis.

Front

When DNA is transcribed to RNA, what does A pair with?

Back

U

Answer explanation

During transcription, adenine (A) in DNA pairs with uracil (U) in RNA, replacing thymine (T) found in DNA. Therefore, the correct pairing is A pairs with U.

Front

When translating mRNA to amino acids, which codon do you ALWAYS begin with?

Back

AUG

Answer explanation

The translation of mRNA to amino acids always begins with the start codon AUG, which codes for methionine. This codon signals the ribosome to start protein synthesis.

Front

How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides: ATGGGAACTCCA

Back

4

Answer explanation

The nucleotide sequence ATGGGAACTCCA translates to amino acids in groups of three (codons). This sequence has 12 nucleotides, forming 4 codons (ATG, GGA, ACT, CCA), thus coding for 4 amino acids.

Front

What process does this picture show?

Back

Translation

Answer explanation

The picture illustrates the process of translation, where ribosomes synthesize proteins by decoding mRNA sequences into amino acids, distinguishing it from transcription, replication, and cloning.

Front

What is the job of tRNA?

Back

Carry amino acids to ribosomes

Answer explanation

tRNA's primary role is to carry amino acids to ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. It acts as a bridge between the genetic code and the amino acid sequence, ensuring the correct amino acids are added during translation.

Front

What is the job of rRNA?

Back

Make up ribosomes

Answer explanation

rRNA, or ribosomal RNA, is a key component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery for protein synthesis. It helps form the structure of ribosomes, making the correct answer 'Make up ribosomes'.

Front

What is the correct sequence? Options: RNA --> DNA --> Protein, Protein --> RNA --> DNA, DNA --> RNA --> Protein, DNA --> Protein --> RNA

Back

DNA --> RNA --> Protein

Answer explanation

The correct sequence is DNA -> RNA -> Protein, which describes the central dogma of molecular biology. DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein, making this the accurate representation of genetic information flow.

Front

What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?

Back

DNA makes RNA which produces protein in the cell

Answer explanation

The correct choice explains that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein within the cell. This process is fundamental to gene expression and the synthesis of proteins necessary for cellular functions.