Cybersecurity Concepts

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Access Control

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Ensures that resources are only granted to those users who are entitled to them.

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Access Control List (ACL)

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A mechanism that implements access control for a system resource by listing the identities of the system entities that are permitted to access the resource.

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Access Control Service

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A security service that provides protection of system resources against unauthorised access. The two basic mechanisms for implementing this service are ACLs and tickets.

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Access Management

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The maintenance of access information, which consists of four tasks: account administration, maintenance, monitoring, and revocation.

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Access Matrix

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Uses rows to represent subjects and columns to represent objects, with privileges listed in each cell.

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Account Harvesting

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The process of collecting all legitimate account names on a system.

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ACK Piggybacking

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The practise of sending an ACK inside another packet going to the same destination.

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Active Content

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Programme code embedded in the content of a web page. When accessed by a web browser, the embedded code is automatically downloaded and executed on the user's workstation. Examples include Java and ActiveX.

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Activity Monitors

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Activity monitors aim to prevent virus infections by monitoring for malicious activity on a system and blocking that activity when possible.

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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

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A protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address to a physical machine address recognised in the local network. It uses a table, usually called the ARP cache, to maintain a correlation between each MAC address and its corresponding IP address.