Biochemistry Test Practice

Front

HONC Rule

Back

A guideline stating that Hydrogen (H) forms 1 bond, Oxygen (O) forms 2 bonds, Nitrogen (N) forms 3 bonds, and Carbon (C) forms 4 bonds in organic molecules.

Front

Polar Bonds

Back

Covalent bonds where electrons are shared unequally, creating partial charges (e.g., O-H, N-H, C-O, C-N, C=O).

Front

Nonpolar Bonds

Back

Covalent bonds where electrons are shared equally (e.g., C-C, C-H).

Front

Hydrophobic Molecules

Back

Molecules that repel water and do not dissolve in it, usually nonpolar (e.g., fats, oils).

Front

Hydrophilic Molecules

Back

Molecules that are attracted to and dissolve in water, usually polar or charged.

Front

Carboxyl Group (-COOH)

Back

A functional group that can donate a hydrogen ion (H⁺), making a molecule acidic.

Front

Amine Group (-NH₂)

Back

A functional group that can accept a hydrogen ion (H⁺), making a molecule basic.

Front

Ionized Functional Group

Back

A functional group that carries a full charge after donating or accepting a proton (H⁺).

Front

Hydroxyl Group (-OH)

Back

A functional group that makes molecules more hydrophilic but does not act as an acid or base.

Front

Methyl Group (-CH₃)

Back

A functional group that makes molecules more hydrophobic.