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What are network effects?

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Network effects, also known as Metcalfe’s Law or network externalities, refer to the phenomenon where the value of a product or service increases as its number of users expands.

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What are the three primary sources of value for network effects?

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The three primary sources of value for network effects are exchange, staying power, and complementary benefits.

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What is meant by 'staying power' in the context of network effects?

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Staying power refers to the long-term viability of a product or service, which is particularly important for consumers of technology products.

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What are complementary benefits?

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Complementary benefits are products or services that add additional value to the primary product or service that makes up a network.

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How do network effects influence competition in markets?

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In markets with network effects, competition can be fierce early on, leading to winner-take-all scenarios where one firm dominates due to its larger network.

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What is a one-sided market?

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A one-sided market derives most of its value from a single class of users, such as instant messaging.

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What is a two-sided market?

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A two-sided market consists of two distinct categories of participants, both of which are needed to deliver value for the network, such as video game console owners and game developers.

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What is the significance of switching costs in network effects?

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Switching costs are the costs incurred by consumers when moving from one product to another, and they can strengthen the value of network effects as a strategic asset.

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What is the 'Osborne Effect'?

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The Osborne Effect refers to the phenomenon where a firm preannounces a forthcoming product, leading to a sharp drop in sales of current offerings as customers wait for the new item.

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How can firms leverage viral promotion in network effects?

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Firms can leverage viral promotion by encouraging existing users to share and promote the product or service, as seen with platforms like Skype and Facebook.