Big Idea #2 Topic 4

Front

What is mRNA?

Back

mRNA (messenger RNA) is a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Front

What is the process of transcription?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a strand of DNA is copied into a new molecule of mRNA.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Front

What are nitrogenous bases?

Back

Nitrogenous bases are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, consisting of adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U) in RNA.

Front

What type of bond joins nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Hydrogen bonds join nitrogenous bases in DNA.

Front

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Back

The ribosome is the cellular machinery that assembles amino acids into proteins based on the sequence of codons in mRNA.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What part of a nucleotide accounts for genetic variation?

Back

The nitrogenous base accounts for genetic variation between individuals.

Front

What is translation in the context of protein synthesis?

Back

Translation is the process by which the sequence of codons in mRNA is used to assemble a chain of amino acids, forming a protein.