APAH Unit 7 Flashcards

Front

Back

Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple

Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman. c. 400 bce–100 ce. Cut rock.

-Treasury Function: a tomb (called the treasury bc people thought it contained treasure)
-architectural forms: classical influence (frieze, Corinthian columns, pediment, stylobate)
-Roman influence bc it was a part of the HRE

Front

Back

Buddha

Bamiyan, Afghanistan. Gandharan. c. 400–800 ce (destroyed in 2001). Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint.

-Buddhism travels by Silk Road
-original appearance: Gandharan style Buddha (contrapposto), Greco influence, 175 ft tall, painted fully with metal jewelry
-function: to worship Buddha, circumambulate
-2001: Taliban blows it up, Iconoclasm, any religion other that Islam is a threat

Front

Back

The Kaaba

Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic. Pre-Islamic monument; rededicated by Muhammad in 631–632 ce; multiple renovations. Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread.

-holiest shrine for Islam

-Muhammad changed it by adding black stone on outside
-function of interior: prayer (just for important people)
-2/5 pillars: pray 5 times toward Kaaba, lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca
-Muslims circumambulate around stone, try to touch black stone
-black stone: meteor from Adam and Eve, location of first temple
-Kiswah: black silk around Kaaba, Gold embroidery

Front

Back

 Jowo Rinpoche, enshrined in the Jokhang Temple

Lhasa, Tibet. Yarlung Dynasty. Believed to have been brought to Tibet in 641 ce. Gilt metals with semiprecious stones, pearls, and paint; various offerings

-origin: India
-currently in Tibet (part of China), it was stolen from India—> sold around a lot until a rich family used it for compensation for marriage
-material: metal & Gold (jewels, silks, etc.)
-depicts Buddha at age 12
-artist: Vishvakarman
-most sacred of Tibet bc made by God, blesses/owned by Buddha
-powers: healing & advancing step to Nirvana
-origin challenged by Tech= made in 8th or 9th century (CE), Buddha from BC

Front

Back

Great Mosque (Masjid-e Jameh)

Isfahan, Iran. Islamic, Persian: Seljuk, Il-Khanid, Timurid and Safavid Dynasties. c. 700 ce; additions and restorations in the 14th, 18th, and 20th centuries ce. Stone, brick, wood, plaster, and glazed ceramic tile.

-floorplan is different bc it has 4 hypostyle halls, 4 courtyards instead 1 of each
-Iwans: vaulted room that opens on one side to courtyard
-decorative ornamentation in Iwan vaults: Muqarnas
-Qibla Iwan: Iwan closest to Kaaba
-prayer room has Mihrab to direct prayer

Front

Back

Dome of the Rock

Jerusalem. Islamic, Umayyad. 691–692 ce, with multiple renovations. Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome.

-significant site for Christianity, Judaism, & Islam
-first major building for Islam
-Form: octagon with a center dome (dome inspired by Church of the Holy Sepulcher (Christ's tomb)
-rock meaning in Islam: where Muhammad was transported to Heaven and back
-Mosaics depict plant motifs & geometric patterns (do not depict animals/humans)

Front

Back

Folio from a Qur’an

Arab, North Africa, or Near East. Abbasid. c. eighth to ninth century ce. Ink, color, and gold on parchment.

-Quran: Islamic Holy text
-Folio: single page
-Kufic: decorative calligraphy used in Quran
-red dots: vowel sounds
-gold dots: paragraph/ text break
-material: vellum
-so few lines per page to increase value
-motifs in gold leaf decoration: plant/ geometric patterns

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.7

CCSS.RI.8.7

CCSS.RI.9-10.7

CCSS.RL.11-12.7

CCSS.RL.9-10.7

Front

Back

Basin (Baptistère de St. Louis)

Muhammad ibn al-Zain. c. 1320–1340 ce. Brass inlaid with gold and silver.

-culture: Mamluk Empire (known for metalwork)
-material: brass (sculpture), Gold & silver (decoration)
-belonged to kings of France
-function: baptistery for royal family
-name is misleading bc it indicates that's Louis IX owned it but he died before
-change in location may be bc the patron was French or a European came and bought/ stole it (Europeans had respect for Mamluk metalworking abilities)

Front

Back

Bahram Gur Fights the Karg, folio from the Great Il-Khanid Shahnama

Islamic; Persian, Il’Khanid. c. 1330–1340 ce. Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper.

-from Shahnama (book about the history of Iran/Persian Empire
-Bahram Gur: best warrior of Persia
-Karg: mythical creature of India
-fight represents power of Persia, teaches morals
-landscape has Chinese influence

Tags

CCSS.RL.11-12.9

CCSS.RL.8.10

CCSS.RL.8.5

CCSS.RL.9-10.10

CCSS.RL.9-10.9

Front

Back

The Court of Gayumars, folio from Shah Tahmasp’s Shahnama

Sultan Muhammad. c. 1522–1525 ce. Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper

-page of Shahmana (Book of Kings) (National Epic poem of Iran), about the history of Iran
-Gayumars: First king of Persia
-other figures surrounding is court
-animals & natural setting represents how Gayumars was so in touch with nature
-Shahmana made for Ruler of Iran (Shah Tamasp)
-size significance: extremely detailed

Tags

CCSS.RI.11-12.7

CCSS.RI.9-10.7

CCSS.RL.11-12.7

CCSS.RL.8.7

CCSS.RL.9-10.7