AP CSP Internet Cybersecurity and Ethics Flashcards

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Phishing

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A cyberattack where an attacker attempts to trick individuals into providing sensitive information (such as passwords, credit card numbers, or personal data) by pretending to be a trustworthy entity, often through emails or fake websites.

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Symmetric Encryption

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A type of encryption where the same key is used for both encrypting and decrypting data. It is fast but requires secure key distribution.

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Encryption

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The process of converting plaintext data into an unreadable format (ciphertext) to protect it from unauthorized access.

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Bandwidth

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The maximum rate at which data can be transmitted over a network, usually measured in bits per second (bps).

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Virus

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A type of malicious software (malware) that attaches itself to a legitimate file or program and spreads when the infected file is executed, potentially harming the system.

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Cookies

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Small pieces of data stored on a user's device by websites to track user activity, remember preferences, and enable personalized experiences.

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DDoS Attack (Distributed Denial of Service Attack)

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A cyberattack in which multiple systems flood a target (e.g., a website or server) with excessive requests, overwhelming it and causing a denial of service for legitimate users.

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Keylogging

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A technique used by attackers to record keystrokes on a device, often to capture sensitive information such as passwords and credit card numbers.

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Malware

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Malicious software designed to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system. Examples include viruses, worms, ransomware, and spyware.

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Multi-factor Authentication (MFA)

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A security process that requires users to provide two or more forms of verification (such as a password and a one-time code) to gain access to an account or system.