DNA Structure, Replication, and Protein Synthesis Vocab Terms

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DNA

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Double stranded nucleic acid made up of nucleotides joined into long strands by covalent bonds, with bases joined with hydrogen bonds.

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Double Helix

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Name for the structure of DNA, two strands of nucleotide sequences wound around each other.

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Nucleotide

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Monomer of a nucleic acid.

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Nitrogen base

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Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, or Uracil.

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Sugar-phosphate backbone

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Deoxyribose and phosphate groups of nucleotides are covalently bonded together. Makes up the sides of the double helix.

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Hydrogen bonds

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Weak bonds that hold nitrogen bases together in the middle of the double helix.

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Purine

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Nitrogen base made of two rings. Adenine and Guanine are examples.

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Pyrimidine

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Nitrogen base made of one ring. Thymine and Cytosine are examples.

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Chargaff’s Rule

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States that the percentages of A and T are almost equal in a sample of DNA, and percentages of G and C are almost equal in DNA.

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Base Pairing

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Pairing of the nitrogen bases Adenine and Thymine and Guanine and Cytosine. Connected by hydrogen bonds.