Referencing and Citation Guidelines

Front

What is the purpose of references in academic work?

Back

To acknowledge the ideas of others used in one's own work.

Front

How should source notes be indicated in the body text?

Back

By a brief source note (e.g. (Ryle 1948:24)) that includes the author's surname, publication date, and page number.

Front

What is the order of information in a source note?

Back

Author, date of source, and page number.

Front

What are the two ways borrowed ideas can be presented?

Back

Direct quotation and paraphrase.

Front

What must be done when quoting directly from an author?

Back

Indicate and acknowledge the quotation with quotation marks.

Front

What should be done if there is a mistake in the original quotation?

Back

Copy it faithfully and add '[sic]' after it.

Front

How should omissions in a quotation be indicated?

Back

By using three dots (...).

Front

What is the format for inserting explanatory additions in a quotation?

Back

Use square brackets, e.g., 'he [Ayer] said that ...'.

Front

What is the customary practice for long quotations?

Back

Indent them and still indicate them with quotation marks.

Front

Where should the source note appear if the author is not mentioned before the quotation?

Back

At the end of the quotation.