Cell Structure and Function

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Cells

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Basic unit of all living beings.

All cells have the same complete set of DNA in the nucleus.

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Illustration showing a cell with a nucleus, which contains DNA.

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Chromosomes

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Thread-like structure in the nucleus of each cell composed of DNA molecules. There are two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent.

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DNA

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DNA is the abbreviation for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is the genetic information within each of the body's cells that helps make people who they are. It is the instructions for how to make the body, like the code of a video game or the blueprints of a house.

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Diagram of a DNA strand, which represents the genetic instructions in cells.

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Gene

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It is a segment of DNA on a chromosome. It contains a sequence of genetic instructions for a particular protein that is involved in a trait.

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Proteins

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Proteins perform bodily functions or are expressed as a trait. They are made up of amino acids.

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Trait

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A trait is a physical characteristic of an organism. It can be visible or not visible.

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Variation

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Different forms or versions of something. Example: variation in types of tomatoes, shown with different characteristics such as shape and color.

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Mutations

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A change or damage in the DNA gene that permanently alters the genetic message carried by the gene is a mutation.