Organic Chemistry Concepts IGCSE

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Acid rain

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Rain that is acidic due to gases, such as sulfur dioxide, reacting with water vapour in the clouds.

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Addition polymerisation

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The reaction in which many small molecule monomers bond together to form a long chain polymer.

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Addition reaction

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A reaction in which at least two molecules combine together to form a larger molecule.

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Alcohols

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Organic compounds containing the functional group –OH. The first four members are methanol, ethanol, propanol, and butanol.

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Alkanes

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The most common hydrocarbon found in crude oil. Alkanes have the general formula C_nH_{2n+2}.

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Biodegradable

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Able to be broken down by living organisms. Some polyesters are biodegradable.

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Carboxylic acids

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Organic compounds with the functional group –COOH. First four members are methanoic acid, ethanoic acid, propanoic acid, and butanoic acid.

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Catalytic cracking

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Long-chain hydrocarbons are heated at 600-700°C to turn them into a gas, then passed over a silica or alumina catalyst to split apart.

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Combustion

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The burning of a substance. Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels releases energy. During combustion, the carbon and hydrogen in the fuels are oxidised.

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Complete combustion

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Combustion carried out in sufficient oxygen. Water and carbon dioxide are the only products of the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon.