Key Terms and Definitions

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Bias

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A tendency to favor one side or perspective over another, which can affect the objectivity of a text.

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Ratification

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The official way to confirm something, usually by vote. It is the formal validation of a proposed law, treaty, or constitution.

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Bureaucracy

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A system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives. Understanding bureaucracy is key to understanding how policies are implemented.

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Diplomacy

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The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations, typically by a country's representatives abroad. It's important for understanding how countries interact and resolve conflicts.

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Primary Source

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An original document or object that was created at the time under study.