Mathematical and Statistical Terms: Target J

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Cluster

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A group of similar things or people positioned or occurring closely together.

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Data

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Facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis.

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Frequency

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The rate at which something occurs over a particular period or in a given sample.

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Initial Value

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The starting point or first value in a sequence or function.

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Line of Best Fit

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A straight line drawn through the center of a group of data points plotted on a scatter plot.

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Trend Line

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A line indicating the general course or tendency of something, e.g., a time series.

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Linear Extrapolation

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The process of estimating beyond the original observation range by assuming that the estimated value follows the same trend.

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Linear Association

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A relationship between two variables that can be graphically represented by a straight line.

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Negative Association

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A relationship between two variables in which one variable increases as the other decreases.

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Outlier

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A data point that differs significantly from other observations.