Question: Who among the following is the author of the book Social Harmony ? 1. HD Deve Gowda 2. Manmohan Singh 3. Narendra Modi 4. PV Narsimha Rao

Answer: ✔ The book Social Harmony is authored by Narendra Modi . Other Important Books by Indian Prime Ministers: 🔷 Narendra Modi: Exam Warriors – A motivational book for students. Convenient Action: Continuity for Change – Discusses climate change policies. 🔷 Manmohan Singh: Changing India – A collection of speeches and writings covering economic and political changes. 🔷 PV Narsimha Rao: The Insider – A semi-autobiographical political novel. Ayodhya: 6 December 1992 – His perspective on the Babri Masjid demolition. 🔷 Indira Gandhi: My Truth – Her views on politics and governance. 🔷 Atal Bihari Vajpayee: Meri Ikkyavan Kavitayen – A collection of his poems. Nayi Disha – Political thoughts and speeches.

Question: Splashing the mud and racing across the fields, the roaring buffalos raced by a man are typical sights for which of the following festivals of Karnataka? * Kambala * Pattadakal * Karaga * Mahamastakabhisheka

Answer: ✔ The correct answer is Kambala . Additional Important Information: 🔹 Kambala is a traditional buffalo race held in the coastal districts of Karnataka, mainly in Udupi and Mangalore. Brief Explanation of Other Options: 📌 Pattadakal – It is not a festival but a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka known for its Chalukyan architecture and temples. 📌 Karaga – It is a famous folk festival of Karnataka, celebrated in Bangalore, mainly by the Thigala community in honor of Goddess Draupadi. 📌 Mahamastakabhisheka – A grand Jain festival held every 12 years in Shravanabelagola, where the massive statue of Lord Bahubali is anointed with milk, saffron, and sandalwood paste. 🔷 Which traditional sport in Karnataka involves buffalo racing? ➤ Kambala 🔷 In which year was Pattadakal designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site? ➤ 1987 🔷 Mahamastakabhisheka festival is associated with which religion? ➤ Jainism 🔷 The Karaga festival is primarily celebrated in which Indian city? ➤ Bangalore 🔷 Which folk dance of Karnataka is performed with a sword in hand? ➤ Veeragase 🔷 Which major festival is celebrated in Mysore with grandeur during Navratri? ➤ Mysore Dasara 🔷 Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, was the capital of which empire? ➤ Vijayanagara Empire 🔷 Which Indian state is famous for the "Pongal" festival? ➤ Tamil Nadu 🔷 What is the name of the boat race festival celebrated in Kerala? ➤ Nehru Trophy Boat Race (Vallam Kali) 🔷 Hornbill Festival is celebrated in which Indian state? ➤ Nagaland

Question: Which constitutional amendment of the Constitution of India is related to the establishment of the National Commission for Backward Classes in India? A) Constitution (Eighty-sixth Amendment) Act, 2002 B) Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019 C) Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018 D) Constitution (Eighty-fourth Amendment) Act, 2001

Answer: ✔ Option C: Constitution (One Hundred and Second Amendment) Act, 2018 is the correct answer. Additional Important Information: 🔹 The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018 granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) . 🔹 It introduced Article 338B , which defines the NCBC’s structure, powers, and responsibilities . 🔹 It also added Article 342A , empowering the President to specify the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBCs) for each state and union territory. 🔹 This amendment made NCBC a constitutional body, similar to NCSC (National Commission for Scheduled Castes) and NCST (National Commission for Scheduled Tribes) . Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which Constitutional Amendment Act conferred constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)? (SSC CGL 2020) – 102nd Amendment Act, 2018 📌 Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides for the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)? (SSC CHSL 2019) – Article 338B 📌 The 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2019 is related to which reservation category? (SSC CPO 2021) – 10% EWS (Economically Weaker Section) Reservation

Question: Which of the following Constitutional Amendment Acts constituted the State Finance Commission? A) 74th Amendment Act B) 76th Amendment Act C) 75th Amendment Act D) 73rd Amendment Act

✔ Option D: 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 is the correct answer. 🔹 The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 introduced the Panchayati Raj System and mandated the formation of the State Finance Commission (SFC) to ensure the financial devolution to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). 🔹 Article 243-I was inserted, which directs the Governor of a State to establish a State Finance Commission every five years to: * Review the financial position of Panchayats . Additional Important Information: 🔹 The 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 (Option A) established a similar system for Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) and inserted Article 243Y , which mandates a State Finance Commission to review the financial position of municipalities. 🔹 The Finance Commission of India (under Article 280) is responsible for resource distribution between the Union and the States , whereas the State Finance Commission (SFC) focuses on financial devolution from the State to local bodies . 🔹 The 11th Schedule was added to the Constitution through the 73rd Amendment , listing the 29 functional areas of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) . Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which Article of the Constitution mandates the establishment of a State Finance Commission? (SSC CGL 2018) – Article 243-I 📌 Which Constitutional Amendment Act provided constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions? (SSC CPO 2019) – 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 📌 Which schedule of the Indian Constitution was added by the 73rd Amendment Act, 1992? (SSC CHSL 2020) – 11th Schedule 📌 Which Constitutional Amendment Act provided constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies (Municipalities)? (SSC CGL 2017) – 74th Amendment Act, 1992 📌 Which article provides for the establishment of the Finance Commission of India? (SSC CGL 2021) – Article 280 📌 What is the tenure of the State Finance Commission? (SSC CHSL 2022) – 5 years 📌 Who appoints the State Finance Commission? (SSC MTS 2021) – Governor of the State 📌 How many functional areas of Panchayati Raj Institutions are listed in the 11th Schedule? (SSC CGL 2020) – 29 functional areas

Question: Which of the following is NOT a feature of National Income ? 1. It is included only in intermediate goods. 2. It is a flow concept . 3. It is a macroeconomic concept . 4. It is always expressed with reference to the financial year .

Answer: ✔ Option 1: It is included only in intermediate goods is NOT a feature of National Income . Explanation: 🔹 National Income refers to the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period (usually a year). 🔹 It does NOT include intermediate goods , as they are used in the production of final goods and including them would lead to double counting . Features of National Income: ✔ Flow Concept – National income is measured over a period of time , making it a flow variable (Option 2 ✅). ✔ Macroeconomic Concept – It represents the economic performance of an entire nation, not individuals or firms (Option 3 ✅). ✔ Financial Year Reference – In India, national income is calculated based on the financial year (1st April – 31st March) (Option 4 ✅). Additional Important Information: 🔹 Stock vs. Flow Concept: Stock Variable (Wealth) – Measured at a specific point in time (e.g., Money Supply, Capital). Flow Variable (National Income) – Measured over a period (e.g., GDP, GNP, Personal Income). 🔹 Methods of Measuring National Income: Income Method – Sum of all incomes earned in a country. Expenditure Method – Sum of total spending on final goods/services. Production Method – Sum of the value-added at each production stage. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 National Income includes which of the following? (SSC CGL 2019) – Final goods and services 📌 Which concept is used to measure National Income: Stock or Flow? (SSC CHSL 2020) – Flow Concept 📌 Which financial year does India follow for National Income calculations? (SSC CPO 2018) – 1st April – 31st March 📌 Which method is NOT used to calculate National Income? (SSC CGL 2017) – Investment Method (Not a standard method) 📌 GDP is calculated by which organization in India? (SSC CGL 2021) – National Statistical Office (NSO)

Question: The first three digits of the Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) number on your cheque specifies the _________ code in which you have the bank account. A) Bank B) Branch C) City D) Country

✔ Option C: City Structure of MICR Code: 📌 First 3 Digits → City Code (Matches PIN code of the location) 📌 Next 3 Digits → Bank Code (Identifies the bank) 📌 Last 3 Digits → Branch Code (Identifies the specific branch) 🔹 MICR technology helps in fast clearance of cheques and prevents fraud by using special ink that can be read by machines. 📌 What does the first three digits of MICR code represent? (SSC CHSL 2019) – City Code 📌 What is the total number of digits in a MICR code? (SSC CGL 2020) – 9 Digits 📌 What is the main purpose of MICR technology in banking? (SSC CPO 2018) – To speed up cheque processing 📌 Which bank introduced MICR technology in India? (SSC CGL 2017) – Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Question: What is the title of the comprehensive report submitted by the National Commission on Self-Employed Women and Women in the Informal Sector during the Seventh Five-Year Plan ? A) Shramshakti B) Nari Shakti C) Mahila Vikas D) Shakti Sahayog

✔ Option A: Shramshakti 🔹 The Shramshakti Report was a comprehensive study on the conditions of self-employed women and women working in the informal sector in India. 🔹 It was submitted in 1988 during the Seventh Five-Year Plan (1985-1990) . 🔹 The report was commissioned by the Government of India and was led by Dr. Ela Bhatt , a prominent activist for women's labor rights. ✔ Seventh Five-Year Plan Focus (1985-1990): ➤ Prime Minister – Rajiv Gandhi ➤ Key Objectives: Improvement in food production Work opportunities for women and marginalized groups Increase in productivity 📌 Which Five-Year Plan is also known as the ‘Rolling Plan’? (SSC CGL 2019) – Sixth Five-Year Plan 📌 Which Five-Year Plan introduced LPG (Liberalization, Privatization, Globalization) reforms in India? (SSC CPO 2018) – Eighth Five-Year Plan (1992-1997) 📌 Which economic policy was introduced in 1991 that shifted India’s economy from socialist to market-driven? (SSC CHSL 2021) – New Economic Policy (NEP) 1991 📌 Which organization prepares the Five-Year Plans in India? (SSC CGL 2020) – Planning Commission (before 2015) 📌 Which Five-Year Plan focused on ‘Garibi Hatao’ (Eradication of Poverty)? (SSC CGL 2018) – Fifth Five-Year Plan (1974-1979)

Question: With reference to the Constituent Assembly, which of the following statements is correct? ➤ The Constituent Assembly adopted the National Anthem in January 1950. ➤ The Constituent Assembly adopted the National Song in January 1948. ➤ The Constituent Assembly adopted the National Flag in July 1949. ➤ The Constituent Assembly ratified India's membership of the Commonwealth in May 1947.

Answer: ✔ The Constituent Assembly adopted the National Flag in July 1947. Explanation: 🔹 Adoption of the National Flag : The Indian National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22nd July 1947 , not in July 1949. 🔹 Adoption of National Anthem : "Jana Gana Mana" was officially adopted as the National Anthem on 24th January 1950 . 🔹 Adoption of National Song : "Vande Mataram" was also adopted on 24th January 1950 , not in January 1948. 🔹 Commonwealth Membership : India decided to remain in the Commonwealth in May 1949 , not May 1947. Additional Important Information: 📌 The National Flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya and was based on the Swaraj Flag of the Indian National Congress. 📌 The Constituent Assembly first met on 9th December 1946 and drafted the Indian Constitution. 📌 The final draft of the Indian Constitution was adopted on 26th November 1949 , and it came into effect on 26th January 1950 . 📌 The first President of the Constituent Assembly was Dr. Rajendra Prasad . 🔷 Related SSC PYQs: Who designed the Indian National Flag? ➤ Ans: Pingali Venkayya On which date was the National Flag adopted by the Constituent Assembly? ➤ Ans: 22nd July 1947 Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution? ➤ Ans: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar When was "Jana Gana Mana" officially adopted as the National Anthem? ➤ Ans: 24th January 1950 Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly of India? ➤ Ans: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Which was the first meeting date of the Constituent Assembly? ➤ Ans: 9th December 1946 In which year did India become a republic? ➤ Ans: 1950 How many schedules did the original Indian Constitution have? ➤ Ans: 8 Schedules Who proposed the Objectives Resolution in the Constituent Assembly? ➤ Ans: Jawaharlal Nehru When was the final draft of the Indian Constitution adopted? ➤ Ans: 26th November 1949

Question: The British East India Company captured Pondicherry (Puducherry) from the French in the year _____. ✔ (A) 1674 ✔ (B) 1699 ✔ (C) 1738 ✔ (D) 1761

Answer: ✔ Correct Answer: (D) 1761 Explanation: 📌 The British East India Company captured Pondicherry (Puducherry) from the French in 1761 during the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) . 📌 The city was, however, returned to the French in 1765 under the Treaty of Paris (1763) . 📌 Pondicherry was a major French settlement in India, and it remained under French control until 1954 , when it was officially merged with India. Related SSC PYQs: 1️⃣ Who was the founder of the French colony in India? (SSC CGL 2016) ➤ Answer: François Martin 2️⃣ Which treaty ended the Second Carnatic War? (SSC CPO 2017) ➤ Answer: Treaty of Pondicherry (1755) 3️⃣ Which European power ruled Pondicherry before India got independence? (SSC CHSL 2018) ➤ Answer: France 4️⃣ In which year did Pondicherry officially become a part of India? (SSC CGL 2021) ➤ Answer: 1962 5️⃣ The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended which war? (SSC MTS 2019) ➤ Answer: Seven Years' War (1756–1763) 6️⃣ Which was the last French-controlled territory to merge with India? (SSC CHSL 2020) ➤ Answer: Pondicherry (Puducherry)

Question: Which of the following is also known as the ‘White Mountain’? ✔ (A) Cho Oyu ✔ (B) Lhotse ✔ (C) Dhaulagiri I ✔ (D) Makalu

✔ Correct Answer: (C) Dhaulagiri I Explanation: 📌 Dhaulagiri I (8,167 meters) is the seventh highest mountain in the world and is known as the "White Mountain" due to its massive snow-covered appearance. 📌 It is located in Nepal , and its name originates from Sanskrit , where "Dhawala" means dazzling, white, or beautiful , and "Giri" means mountain . Related SSC PYQs: 1️⃣ Which is the highest mountain peak in India? (SSC CGL 2019) ➤ Answer: Kanchenjunga (8,586 meters) 2️⃣ In which country is Mount Everest located? (SSC CHSL 2017) ➤ Answer: Nepal (on the Nepal-Tibet border) 3️⃣ Which mountain range is the Dhaulagiri peak a part of? (SSC CPO 2020) ➤ Answer: Greater Himalayas (Himadri) 4️⃣ What is the second highest peak in the world? (SSC MTS 2018) ➤ Answer: K2 (8,611 meters) 5️⃣ Which Himalayan peak is called the 'Matterhorn of the Himalayas'? (SSC CGL 2022) ➤ Answer: Ama Dablam

Question: _______ was an important port city in ancient India. ✔ (A) Tamralipti ✔ (B) Ahichhatra ✔ (C) Champa ✔ (D) Shravasti

✔ Tamralipti (Option A) Explanation: 🔹 Tamralipti was a major port city of ancient India, located in present-day West Bengal . 🔹 It was an important center for maritime trade with Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, and the Roman Empire . 🔹 Fa-Hien , the Chinese traveler, mentioned Tamralipti as a flourishing port city in his accounts. Related SSC PYQs: ✔ Which was the most important seaport of the Mauryan Empire? ➤ Answer: Tamralipti ✔ Which ancient port city was famous for its connection with Southeast Asia? ➤ Answer: Tamralipti ✔ Which ancient Indian kingdom had the port of Sopara? ➤ Answer: Satavahana Dynasty ✔ What was the major port of the Chola Empire? ➤ Answer: Kaveripattinam (Puhar) ✔ Which port city was associated with the Indus Valley Civilization? ➤ Answer: Lothal ✔ Which ancient Indian port city was mentioned by Ptolemy? ➤ Answer: Barbaricum ✔ Which Gupta-era port was known for trade with the Roman Empire? ➤ Answer: Tamralipti ✔ What was the main seaport of the Satavahana dynasty? ➤ Answer: Sopara ✔ Which port was famous in ancient India for exporting pearls? ➤ Answer: Korkai (Pandya Kingdom)

Question: Identify the word that is correctly spelled. Options: ⭕ Accountency ⭕ Angriest ⭕ Apparrel ⭕ Araign

The correctly spelled word is "Angriest" . ✔ Accountency ❌ → Accountancy ✅ ✔ Angriest ✅ (Correct spelling) ✔ Apparrel ✅ (Correct spelling) ✔ Araign ❌ → Arraign ✅

Question: Who was the first to accurately describe the rings of Saturn as a disc around the planet in 1655? 1. Giovanni Cassini 2. Hideki Yukawa 3. Christiaan Huygens 4. Galileo Galilei

✔ Correct Answer: Christiaan Huygens (Option 3) Explanation: ✔ Christiaan Huygens, a Dutch astronomer and physicist, was the first to describe the rings of Saturn as a disc surrounding the planet in 1655. ✔ He used an improved telescope to make detailed observations of Saturn and also discovered its largest moon, Titan . 🔹 Saturn’s Rings & Moons: ➤ Saturn is a gas giant and has the least dense composition among all planets. ➤ Its largest moon, Titan , is notable for its thick atmosphere. ➤ The rings are composed mostly of ice particles and dust. 🔹 Christiaan Huygens' Other Contributions: ➤ Developed the wave theory of light . 🔹 Related Space & Astronomy Facts from the Images: ➤ Heliocentric Theory was proposed by Copernicus (not Ptolemy). ➤ Big Bang Theory was given by Georges Lemaître . ➤ Steady-State Theory was developed by Fred Hoyle . ➤ Laplace is known for the Nebular Hypothesis of solar system formation. ➤ Venus has the longest rotation period (243 days) and thick sulfuric acid clouds . ➤ Jupiter has the fastest rotation and the largest size among planets. ➤ Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto are the largest moons of Jupiter. Related SSC PYQs (Different from Above): 🔷 Which planet has the largest number of moons? ✔ Answer: Jupiter (Confirmed by recent studies) 🔷 Which planet has the highest surface temperature? ✔ Answer: Venus (due to its thick CO₂ atmosphere causing a greenhouse effect) 🔷 What is the Roche Limit? ✔ Answer: The minimum distance at which a celestial body (like a moon) can orbit a planet without breaking apart due to tidal forces. 🔷 Who discovered Uranus? ✔ Answer: William Herschel in 1781. 🔷 Which is the densest planet in the Solar System? ✔ Answer: Earth.

Who was the first recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi literature? ➤ (a) Ramdhari Singh Dinkar ➤ (b) Suryakant Tripathi Nirala ➤ (c) Mahadevi Verma ➤ (d) Harivansh Rai Bachchan

✔ Answer: (a) Ramdhari Singh Dinkar 📌 Explanation: Ramdhari Singh Dinkar received the first Sahitya Akademi Award for Hindi literature in 1959 for his work Sanskriti ke Chaar Adhyay . * Who won the Sahitya Akademi Award in 2023 for Hindi Literature? → Badri Narayan (for "Tumadi") * In which year was the first Sahitya Akademi Award given? → 1955 Who is the first woman to receive the Sahitya Akademi Award? ✔ Answer: (b) Amrita Pritam 📌 Explanation: \Amrita Pritam was the first woman to receive the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1956 for her Punjabi novel "Sunehade" .

Question: Krishna III of Manyakheta belonged to which dynasty? Gurjara-Pratihara Rashtrakuta Chera Pala

✔ Krishna III belonged to the Rashtrakuta Dynasty (Option 2). Explanation: ✔ The Rashtrakuta Dynasty was founded by Dantidurga , who overthrew the Later Chalukyas . ✔ Krishna III was one of the last powerful rulers of the Rashtrakuta dynasty. ✔ Manyakheta (present-day Malkhed, Karnataka) was the capital of the Rashtrakutas. ✔ The Rashtrakutas were known for their patronage of art and architecture . Important Rashtrakuta Contributions (From Both Images) ✔ Krishna I (Predecessor of Krishna III) built the Kailasa Temple at Ellora , a monolithic rock-cut temple. ✔ Krishna III fought against the Cholas and Western Chalukyas. ✔ The Kailasanatha Temple at Kanchipuram was built by Narasimhavarman II of the Pallava dynasty, not the Rashtrakutas. ✔ Hoysala Architecture (like the Hoysaleswara Temple ) is known for star-shaped structures, different from Rashtrakuta temples. Additional Important Information: 📌 Famous Literary Work: Kavirajamarga by Amoghavarsha I (Rashtrakuta ruler). 📌 Other Important Rashtrakuta Kings: Dantidurga – Founder Krishna I – Built Kailasa Temple at Ellora Govinda III & Amoghavarsha I – Strong rulers Krishna III – Last powerful Rashtrakuta ruler Related SSC PYQs: 🔹 Who built the Kailasa Temple at Ellora? → Krishna I (Rashtrakuta) 🔹 Who was the founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty? → Dantidurga 🔹 Which Rashtrakuta king wrote "Kavirajamarga"? → Amoghavarsha I 🔹 Who built the Kailasanatha Temple at Kanchipuram? → Narasimhavarman II (Pallava) 🔹 Which dynasty ruled from Manyakheta? → Rashtrakutas

Question: Normally, there is a ___ day interval between spring tides and neap tides. (A) Two (B) Four (C) Seven (D) Fourteen

✔ Correct Answer: (C) Seven 📌 Explanation: A spring tide occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned, causing extreme high and low tides. A neap tide occurs when the Sun and Moon form a 90° angle with Earth, leading to moderate tides. The Moon moves 90° in about 7 days , which is why the interval between a spring tide and the next neap tide is approximately 7 days . 🔹 Additional Important Information: Spring tides happen on new moon and full moon days. Neap tides occur on first quarter and third quarter moon days. The time between two successive spring tides is approximately 14 days . 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on Tides & Oceanography: ✔ Which tides occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in a straight line? ✔ Answer: Spring Tide ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2016 ✔ What is the time difference between two successive high tides in a day? ✔ Answer: 12 hours 26 minutes ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2018 ✔ What is the main cause of tides in the ocean? ✔ Answer: Gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2020 ✔ Which factor does NOT affect the magnitude of tides? ✔ Answer: Distance between Earth and Mars ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2021 ✔ What is the term for the difference in height between high tide and low tide? ✔ Answer: Tidal Range ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2019 ✔ Which type of tide occurs when the difference between high and low tide is the least? ✔ Answer: Neap Tide ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2022 ✔ The highest tidal range in the world is found in which location? ✔ Answer: Bay of Fundy, Canada ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2017 ✔ What is the phenomenon where the leading edge of the tide forms a wave that moves up a river or narrow bay? ✔ Answer: Tidal Bore ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2019 ✔ Which tide is influenced the most by the position of the Moon? ✔ Answer: Lunar Tide ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2021 ✔ Why do tides occur twice a day? ✔ Answer: Due to Earth's rotation and the Moon’s gravitational pull ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2018 ✔ Which type of tide occurs when the Moon is closest to the Earth? ✔ Answer: Perigean Tide ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2023

Question: Skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton by tough connective tissues called __________ . (A) Cartilage (B) Neurons (C) Ligament (D) Tendons

✔ Correct Answer: (D) Tendons 📌 Explanation: Tendons are strong, fibrous connective tissues that attach skeletal muscles to bones . They are made of collagen fibers and are highly tensile , allowing them to withstand the force generated by muscle contractions. Unlike ligaments , which connect bones to bones, tendons help in movement by transferring force from muscle to bone . 🔹 Additional Important Information: Ligaments : Connect bones to bones at joints and provide stability. Cartilage : A flexible connective tissue found in joints, the nose, and the ear. Neurons : Nerve cells responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the body. 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on Connective Tissues & Muscles: ✔ Which type of connective tissue joins bones to bones? ✔ Answer: Ligaments ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2017 ✔ What is the function of cartilage in the human body? ✔ Answer: Provides flexibility and cushioning at joints ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2019 ✔ Which tissue connects muscles to bones? ✔ Answer: Tendons ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2021 ✔ What type of muscle is involuntary and found in internal organs? ✔ Answer: Smooth Muscle ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2022 ✔ Which muscle type is responsible for voluntary movements? ✔ Answer: Skeletal Muscle ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2020 ✔ Which type of joint is found in the knee and elbow? ✔ Answer: Hinge Joint ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2018 ✔ What is the main protein found in tendons and ligaments? ✔ Answer: Collagen ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2023 ✔ Which part of the human body contains the highest percentage of cartilage? ✔ Answer: Ear and Nose ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2016 ✔ What is the largest muscle in the human body? ✔ Answer: Gluteus Maximus ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2021 ✔ Which type of muscle is found in the walls of the heart? ✔ Answer: Cardiac Muscle ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2019

Question: Who referred to the Mutiny of 1857 as the First War of Indian Independence? (A) Bal Gangadhar Tilak (B) Subhash Chandra Bose (C) Bhagat Singh (D) V.D. Savarkar

✔ Correct Answer: (D) V.D. Savarkar 📌 Explanation: V.D. Savarkar , in his book "The First War of Indian Independence, 1857" , was the first to refer to the 1857 Revolt as a war of independence. The British called it the Sepoy Mutiny , while Karl Marx termed it a National Revolt . Indian nationalists later recognized it as the First War of Indian Independence due to its large-scale participation and patriotic fervor. 🔹 Additional Important Information: Leaders of 1857 Revolt: Bahadur Shah Zafar – Delhi Nana Sahib – Kanpur Tantia Tope – Kanpur Rani Lakshmibai – Jhansi Kunwar Singh – Bihar Begum Hazrat Mahal – Lucknow The revolt failed due to a lack of unity, modern weapons, and organized leadership. 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on the 1857 Revolt & Indian Freedom Struggle: ✔ Who was the Governor-General of India during the Revolt of 1857? ✔ Answer: Lord Canning ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2018 ✔ Which regiment’s soldiers started the Revolt of 1857? ✔ Answer: 34th Native Infantry at Barrackpore ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2020 ✔ Who led the Revolt of 1857 in Lucknow? ✔ Answer: Begum Hazrat Mahal ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2022 ✔ Which British officer defeated Rani Lakshmibai in 1858? ✔ Answer: Hugh Rose ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2017 ✔ Who termed the Revolt of 1857 as a ‘Sepoy Mutiny’? ✔ Answer: John Lawrence & British Historians ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2019 ✔ What was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857? ✔ Answer: Introduction of Enfield Rifle with greased cartridges ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2021 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on the Leaders in the Options: ✔ Who gave the slogan "Swaraj is my birthright, and I shall have it"? ✔ Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2016 ✔ Which revolutionary was the author of 'Why I am an Atheist'? ✔ Answer: Bhagat Singh ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2019 ✔ Who led the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II? ✔ Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2020 ✔ Which Indian leader founded the Free India Centre in Berlin during World War II? ✔ Answer: Subhash Chandra Bose ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2021 ✔ Who was the founder of the Hindu Mahasabha? ✔ Answer: V.D. Savarkar ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2022 🔷 Related SSC PYQs from Modern Indian History: ✔ Which Act is known as the "Black Act" of British India? ✔ Answer: Rowlatt Act, 1919 ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2017 ✔ In which year was the Indian National Congress founded? ✔ Answer: 1885 ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2018 ✔ Who was the Viceroy of India during the Partition of Bengal (1905)? ✔ Answer: Lord Curzon ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2020 ✔ Which movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942? ✔ Answer: Quit India Movement ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2019 ✔ Who was the President of the Indian National Congress during the Lahore Session in 1929? ✔ Answer: Jawaharlal Nehru ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2021

Question: Regular intake of fresh fruits and vegetables is recommended in the diet since they are a good source of antioxidants. How do antioxidants help a person maintain health and promote longevity? (A) They activate the enzymes necessary for vitamin synthesis in the body and help prevent vitamin deficiency. (B) They prevent excessive oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the body and help avoid unnecessary wastage of energy. (C) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism. (D) They activate certain genes in the cells of the body and help delay the aging process.

✔ Correct Answer: (C) They neutralize the free radicals produced in the body during metabolism. 📌 Explanation: Antioxidants are substances that neutralize free radicals , which are unstable molecules produced during metabolism that can damage cells and contribute to aging and various diseases. Free radical damage is linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders . Antioxidants such as Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Beta-carotene help reduce oxidative stress and improve overall health. 🔹 Additional Important Information: ✔ Sources of Antioxidants: Vitamin C: Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers Vitamin E: Nuts, seeds, spinach Beta-Carotene: Carrots, sweet potatoes, leafy greens Flavonoids & Polyphenols: Tea, dark chocolate, berries ✔ Effects of Oxidative Stress: Can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids Linked to Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and premature aging Reduced by a diet rich in antioxidant-rich foods 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on Antioxidants & Health: ✔ Which vitamin is also known as Ascorbic Acid? ✔ Answer: Vitamin C ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2019 ✔ Which vitamin is an antioxidant that protects cell membranes? ✔ Answer: Vitamin E ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2022 ✔ What is the main function of antioxidants in the human body? ✔ Answer: To neutralize free radicals and prevent cell damage ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2021 ✔ Which antioxidant is responsible for the red color in tomatoes? ✔ Answer: Lycopene ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2020 ✔ Which type of nutrients are flavonoids and carotenoids classified under? ✔ Answer: Antioxidants ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2018 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on Vitamins & Metabolism: ✔ Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness? ✔ Answer: Vitamin A ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2017 ✔ Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting? ✔ Answer: Vitamin K ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2016 ✔ Which mineral is required for the proper functioning of hemoglobin in blood? ✔ Answer: Iron ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2020 ✔ What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the human body? ✔ Answer: To provide energy ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2021 ✔ Which vitamin is known as the "sunshine vitamin"? ✔ Answer: Vitamin D ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2019

Question: Which of the following musicians is popular for his mastery over the musical instrument sitar? (A) Vilayat Khan (B) Amjad Ali Khan (C) Bahadur Khan (D) Ali Akbar Khan

✔ Correct Answer: (A) Vilayat Khan 📌 Explanation: Vilayat Khan was a legendary sitar player from India, renowned for his contributions to Hindustani classical music. He belonged to the Imdadkhani Gharana and is credited with revolutionizing sitar playing by introducing gayaki ang (vocal style of playing) . He received prestigious awards like the Padma Shri , but he declined national honors, believing that music should not be judged with awards. 🔹 Additional Important Information: ✔ Notable Indian Classical Instrumentalists and Their Instruments: Ravi Shankar – Sitar Amjad Ali Khan – Sarod Bismillah Khan – Shehnai Ali Akbar Khan – Sarod Shivkumar Sharma – Santoor Zakir Hussain – Tabla Hariprasad Chaurasia – Flute ✔ Gharanas in Indian Classical Music: Maihar Gharana – Founded by Baba Allauddin Khan (Ravi Shankar, Ali Akbar Khan) Imdadkhani Gharana – Known for sitar (Vilayat Khan, Shahid Parvez) Banaras Gharana – Famous for Tabla and Shehnai (Bismillah Khan, Kishan Maharaj) Gwalior Gharana – One of the oldest vocal gharanas 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on Indian Classical Music: ✔ Who is known as the "Shehnai Maestro" of India? ✔ Answer: Bismillah Khan ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2021 ✔ Which musical instrument is Amjad Ali Khan associated with? ✔ Answer: Sarod ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2019 ✔ Pt. Ravi Shankar is associated with which musical instrument? ✔ Answer: Sitar ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2020 ✔ What is the name of the traditional Indian school of music that follows a particular style? ✔ Answer: Gharana ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2018 ✔ Who was the first Indian musician to receive the Bharat Ratna? ✔ Answer: M. S. Subbulakshmi ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2022 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on Indian Culture & Art: ✔ Which dance form is associated with the temple dancers of Tamil Nadu? ✔ Answer: Bharatanatyam ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2018 ✔ Which Indian classical dance is known for its Kathakali-like storytelling but involves softer movements? ✔ Answer: Mohiniyattam ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2017 ✔ Who composed the famous Indian epic poem "Meghdoot"? ✔ Answer: Kalidasa ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2021 ✔ Which is the oldest form of Indian classical dance? ✔ Answer: Bharatanatyam ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2019 ✔ Which state is famous for the folk dance "Bihu"? ✔ Answer: Assam ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2020

Question: Who among the following Chief Justices of India also acted as the President of India? (A) Justice M. C. Mahajan (B) Justice M. Hidayatullah (C) Justice P.N. Bhagwati (D) Justice B.K. Mukherjee

✔ Correct Answer: (B) Justice M. Hidayatullah 📌 Explanation: Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah served as the 11th Chief Justice of India (1968-1970) . He became the Acting President of India in 1969 after the sudden demise of Dr. Zakir Husain (the 3rd President). Later, he also served as the 6th Vice President of India (1979-1984) . He was the first person in India to have held the posts of Chief Justice, Vice President, and Acting President . 🔹 Additional Important Information: ✔ List of Chief Justices of India Who Held Other Constitutional Posts: M. Hidayatullah – CJI (1968-1970), Acting President (1969), Vice President (1979-1984) Ranganath Misra – CJI (1989-1991), Later became an MP in Rajya Sabha Gopal Ballav Pattanaik – CJI (2002), Later served in NHRC ✔ Emergency Provisions Related to Acting President: Article 65 of the Indian Constitution allows the Vice President to act as the President in case of vacancy . In 1969 , when V.V. Giri resigned as Vice President to contest the Presidential election, there was no Vice President available, so M. Hidayatullah (CJI) was appointed as Acting President . ✔ Other Facts about Chief Justices of India (CJI): The first Chief Justice of India – Justice H.J. Kania (1950-1951) . The longest-serving CJI – Justice Y.V. Chandrachud (1978-1985) . The first female CJI (to be appointed in 2027) – Justice B.V. Nagarathna (as per seniority line-up). 🔷 Related SSC PYQs on Indian Judiciary & Presidentship: ✔ Who was the first Chief Justice of Independent India? ✔ Answer: H.J. Kania ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2019 ✔ Which article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Supreme Court of India? ✔ Answer: Article 124 ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2020 ✔ Who was the first Acting President of India? ✔ Answer: V.V. Giri ✔ Asked in: SSC CPO 2022 ✔ Which President of India was elected unopposed? ✔ Answer: Neelam Sanjiva Reddy ✔ Asked in: SSC MTS 2018 ✔ Who is responsible for appointing the Chief Justice of India? ✔ Answer: The President of India ✔ Asked in: SSC GD 2021 ✔ Which body recommends the appointment of Supreme Court Judges? ✔ Answer: The Collegium System ✔ Asked in: SSC CHSL 2023 ✔ Who was the first Dalit Chief Justice of India? ✔ Answer: K.G. Balakrishnan ✔ Asked in: SSC CGL 2017

Question: The claim for ‘ swarajya’ or self-government within the British Empire, on the model of self-governing colonies like Australia and Canada, was put forward from the Congress platform in 1905 by: (a) Dadabhai Naoroji (b) Lala Lajpat Rai (c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale (d) Bipin Chandra Pal

✔ Correct Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale Explanation: In 1905, Gopal Krishna Gokhale demanded self-government (Swarajya) for India within the British Empire, similar to the autonomous status enjoyed by countries like Canada and Australia. He was a moderate leader and played a crucial role in influencing future leaders like Mahatma Gandhi. Additional Important Information: ✔ Gopal Krishna Gokhale was the founder of the Servants of India Society (1905) to promote education and social reforms. ✔ He was a strong advocate of constitutional methods and believed in gradual reforms . ✔ He opposed the partition of Bengal (1905) and worked towards unity between Hindus and Muslims. ✔ Gokhale mentored Mahatma Gandhi , who regarded him as his political guru . ✔ He was elected as the Congress President in 1905 at the Benares session . ✔ Dadabhai Naoroji introduced the Drain of Wealth theory and was the first Indian to become a British MP . ✔ Lala Lajpat Rai played a major role in the extremist movement and led the Simon Commission protests . ✔ Bipin Chandra Pal was an important figure in the Swadeshi Movement and the Lal-Bal-Pal trio . Related SSC PYQs: Who was the political mentor of Mahatma Gandhi? Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale (SSC CGL 2013) Which organization was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale in 1905? Answer: Servants of India Society (SSC CPO 2017) In which year did the Partition of Bengal take place? Answer: 1905 (SSC CHSL 2015) Who presided over the 1905 Indian National Congress session? Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale (SSC CGL 2018) Which Indian leader demanded self-government on the lines of Australia and Canada in 1905? Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale (SSC MTS 2021) Who is known as the "Grand Old Man of India"? Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji (SSC CHSL 2016) Who wrote the book ‘Poverty and Un-British Rule in India’? Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji (SSC CGL 2019) Who among the following was not part of the ‘Lal-Bal-Pal’ trio? Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale (SSC CPO 2018) Which leader died due to injuries sustained during a protest against the Simon Commission? Answer: Lala Lajpat Rai (SSC CHSL 2017) Which movement was launched after the Partition of Bengal in 1905? Answer: Swadeshi Movement (SSC CGL 2020) Bipin Chandra Pal was a strong advocate of which movement? Answer: Swadeshi Movement (SSC MTS 2019) Who was the first Indian to demand Swaraj from British rule? Answer: Dadabhai Naoroji (SSC CGL 2015)

Question: Which of the following is the only Harappan city where radial streets have been found? (a) Chanhudaro (b) Lothal (c) Banawali (d) Kalibangan

✔ Correct Answer: Banawali Explanation: Banawali, an important Indus Valley Civilization site located in present-day Haryana, is the only Harappan city where radial streets have been found. Radial streets are roads that extend outward from a central point like spokes of a wheel, which is unique compared to the grid-pattern streets commonly found in other Harappan cities. Additional Important Information: ✔ Banawali is located in Fatehabad, Haryana and was an important town of the Indus Valley Civilization. ✔ Unlike Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa , Banawali had both pre-Harappan and Harappan phases of settlement. ✔ The city's streets show an advanced planning system with radial streets , a rare feature in Harappan towns. ✔ Excavations at Banawali have revealed fortifications, fire altars, and a well-planned drainage system . ✔ Lothal (Gujarat) is famous for its dockyard , indicating maritime trade. ✔ Chanhudaro (Sindh, Pakistan) is known as the only Harappan city without a fortification and was a center for bead-making. ✔ Kalibangan (Rajasthan) is famous for its ploughed fields and fire altars , indicating early agricultural practices and ritualistic activities. Related SSC PYQs: Which Indus Valley site is famous for its dockyard? Answer: Lothal (SSC CGL 2017) Which Indus Valley Civilization city was the only one without fortifications? Answer: Chanhudaro (SSC CHSL 2018) Which Harappan site is known for fire altars and ploughed fields? Answer: Kalibangan (SSC CGL 2019) Which Harappan site had radial streets, a unique feature in Indus cities? Answer: Banawali (SSC CPO 2020) Banawali, an Indus Valley site, is located in which Indian state? Answer: Haryana (SSC MTS 2021) Which Harappan city was a major center for bead-making and craft production? Answer: Chanhudaro (SSC CGL 2022) Which civilization site shows the evidence of a ploughed field? Answer: Kalibangan (SSC CPO 2016) Which Harappan city was famous for a dockyard and maritime trade? Answer: Lothal (SSC CHSL 2015) The Great Bath, an important structure, was discovered at which Harappan site? Answer: Mohenjo-Daro (SSC CGL 2018) Which Indus Valley site is located in Haryana? Answer: Banawali (SSC CHSL 2020)

Question: Sandalwood grows in which type of forests? (a) Savanna forests (b) Tropical deciduous forests (c) Tropical rainforests (d) Equatorial evergreen forests

Answer: ✔ Correct Answer: Tropical deciduous forests Explanation: Sandalwood trees ( Santalum album ) primarily grow in tropical deciduous forests , which experience seasonal shedding of leaves. These forests are found in regions with moderate rainfall and distinct dry seasons, which provide the ideal conditions for sandalwood growth. Additional Important Information: ✔ Sandalwood is a semi-parasitic tree that derives some nutrients from the roots of nearby plants. ✔ The Indian Sandalwood tree is mainly found in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala . ✔ Tropical deciduous forests are also known as monsoon forests , as they shed their leaves in the dry season. ✔ Sandalwood is highly valued for its fragrant wood and oil , which are used in perfumes, cosmetics, and religious rituals. ✔ Savanna forests are tropical grasslands with scattered trees and do not support sandalwood growth. ✔ Tropical rainforests and Equatorial evergreen forests have dense vegetation with high humidity, which is not suitable for sandalwood trees. Related SSC PYQs: Which Indian state is the largest producer of sandalwood? Answer: Karnataka (SSC CGL 2019) Tropical deciduous forests are also known as? Answer: Monsoon forests (SSC CHSL 2020) Which type of forest covers the maximum area in India? Answer: Tropical deciduous forests (SSC CPO 2018) Which Indian tree is semi-parasitic and known for its fragrant wood? Answer: Sandalwood (SSC CGL 2021) What is the main climatic condition for tropical deciduous forests? Answer: Moderate rainfall with distinct dry seasons (SSC CHSL 2017) Which region in India is famous for its high-quality sandalwood? Answer: Mysore, Karnataka (SSC MTS 2022) In which type of forest do teak, sal, and sandalwood trees grow? Answer: Tropical deciduous forests (SSC CGL 2016) Which forest type is also called 'monsoon forest' in India? Answer: Tropical deciduous forests (SSC CPO 2019) Which tree is known as 'Chandan' in India? Answer: Sandalwood (SSC CHSL 2018) Tropical rainforests are mainly found in which part of India? Answer: Western Ghats and Andaman & Nicobar Islands (SSC CGL 2022)

Question: ‘Nupa’ dance is associated with which Indian state? Jharkhand Karnataka Manipur Tamil Nadu

Answer: Manipur Explanation: The Nupa Dance , also known as Nupa Pala or Kartal Cholom , is a traditional dance form of Manipur. It is a devotional dance performed by male dancers with cymbals in their hands, usually during religious festivals and cultural events. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Manipur (Correct Answer): ✔ The Nupa Dance is performed exclusively by male dancers in white traditional attire. ✔ Other major dance forms of Manipur include Raas Leela, Thang Ta, Pung Cholom, and Maibi Jagoi . ✔ Manipur is also known for its Martial Art Form "Thang-Ta" , which involves sword and spear techniques. ✔ Raas Leela is the most famous dance of Manipur, depicting the life of Lord Krishna. 🔹 Jharkhand (Option 1): ✔ Important folk dances of Jharkhand include Jhumair, Domkach, Thumki, and Fagua . ✔ Jhumair is widely performed during harvest festivals in Jharkhand, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. ✔ The traditional tribal communities like Santhal, Munda, and Oraon play a significant role in preserving these dance forms. 🔹 Karnataka (Option 2): ✔ Karnataka’s famous folk dance forms include Yakshagana, Huttari, Kunitha, and Karaga . ✔ Yakshagana is a traditional theatre form that combines dance, music, dialogue, and elaborate costumes. ✔ Dollu Kunitha is a popular drum dance performed during temple festivals. 🔹 Tamil Nadu (Option 4): ✔ The classical dance form Bharatanatyam originated in Tamil Nadu and is one of the oldest Indian dance forms. ✔ Folk dances of Tamil Nadu include Karagattam, Kavadi Attam, and Devarattam . ✔ Karagattam is performed with a decorated pot on the head, primarily dedicated to Goddess Mariamman. Related SSC PYQs: 🔹 Raas Leela is a famous dance form of which state? ➤ Manipur 🔹 Yakshagana is a folk dance of which state? ➤ Karnataka 🔹 Which is the traditional martial art of Manipur? ➤ Thang-Ta 🔹 Jhumair dance is associated with which Indian state? ➤ Jharkhand 🔹 Which Indian classical dance form originated in Tamil Nadu? ➤ Bharatanatyam 🔹 Which dance form of Karnataka involves elaborate costumes and storytelling? ➤ Yakshagana 🔹 Which state is famous for the dance form "Karagattam"? ➤ Tamil Nadu

Question: Select the INCORRECT statement from the following. Male germ-cells are produced by pollen grain. Female gamete is present in the stigma. Fertilisation gives us a zygote. The fusion of male gamete and female gamete is known as fertilisation.

Answer: Option 2 - Female gamete is present in the stigma. Explanation: ✔ Incorrect Statement: The female gamete is not present in the stigma. The stigma is the part of the pistil where pollen grains land during pollination. The female gamete (egg cell) is present inside the ovule, which is enclosed within the ovary. ✔ Correcting the statement: The female gamete is present in the ovule , not in the stigma. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Pollen grain (Male Gametophyte): It carries the male gametes and is produced in the anthers of the flower. 🔹 Fertilisation Process: It occurs when the pollen tube transfers male gametes to the ovule inside the ovary, leading to the formation of a zygote. 🔹 Parts of a Flower: ✔ Stigma: Receives pollen during pollination. ✔ Style: Connects stigma to ovary and guides pollen tubes. ✔ Ovary: Contains ovules, where the female gamete (egg cell) is located. 🔹 Zygote Formation: Fertilisation results in the formation of a zygote , which eventually develops into an embryo. 🔹 Double Fertilisation: A unique process in angiosperms where one male gamete fuses with the egg cell (forming a zygote) and another fuses with the polar nuclei to form endosperm. 🔹 Pollination Types: ✔ Self-Pollination (Autogamy): Transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of the same flower. ✔ Cross-Pollination (Allogamy): Transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower. Related SSC PYQs: 🔹 In which part of the flower does fertilisation occur? ➤ Ovary 🔹 What is the function of the stigma in a flower? ➤ To receive pollen grains during pollination. 🔹 Which plant group exhibits double fertilisation? ➤ Angiosperms 🔹 What is formed after fertilisation in flowering plants? ➤ Zygote 🔹 What is the male reproductive part of a flower called? ➤ Stamen (Anther + Filament) 🔹 What is the female reproductive part of a flower called? ➤ Carpel (Stigma + Style + Ovary) 🔹 Which part of the plant contains ovules? ➤ Ovary 🔹 Which structure in a flower develops into a fruit? ➤ Ovary 🔹 Which structure in a flower develops into a seed? ➤ Ovule 🔹 Which type of pollination occurs with the help of wind? ➤ Anemophily 🔹 Which type of pollination is carried out by insects? ➤ Entomophily 🔹 What is the process of fusion of male and female gametes called? ➤ Fertilisation 🔹 What is the process in which pollen from one flower reaches the stigma of another flower called? ➤ Cross-Pollination 🔹 Which gas is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis? ➤ Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) 🔹 Which pigment in plants is responsible for photosynthesis? ➤ Chlorophyll 🔹 What is the primary function of the roots in a plant? ➤ Absorption of water and minerals

Question: Large deposits of iron in the liver lead to a condition called ______. Anaemia Osteomalacia Hemosiderosis Kwashiorkor

Answer: Option 3 - Hemosiderosis Explanation: ✔ Hemosiderosis is a medical condition caused by excessive iron deposits in organs like the liver, lungs, pancreas, and spleen. ✔ It occurs due to frequent blood transfusions, excessive dietary iron intake, or disorders like hemochromatosis. ✔ The iron overload can lead to organ damage, fibrosis, or even cirrhosis of the liver. ✔ Symptoms include fatigue, joint pain, liver enlargement, and skin discoloration. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Iron Metabolism Disorders: Hemochromatosis: A genetic disorder causing excess iron absorption. Hemosiderosis: A condition where excess iron is stored in tissues, often due to repeated blood transfusions. Anaemia: A condition caused by iron deficiency , leading to a lack of red blood cells. 🔹 Comparison of Answer Choices: Anaemia (Option 1): Occurs due to iron deficiency, not excess. Osteomalacia (Option 2): Caused by Vitamin D deficiency , leading to weak bones. Kwashiorkor (Option 4): A protein deficiency disorder , common in malnourished children. 🔹 Iron Storage in the Body: Ferritin: A protein that stores iron safely. Hemosiderin: A complex that stores excess iron but can cause toxicity. 🔹 Treatment for Iron Overload: Phlebotomy (Blood Removal Therapy) Iron Chelation Therapy (Drugs like Deferoxamine) Dietary modifications to reduce iron intake Related SSC PYQs: 🔹 Which condition is caused by iron deficiency? ➤ Anaemia 🔹 Which vitamin deficiency leads to osteomalacia? ➤ Vitamin D 🔹 Kwashiorkor is caused due to the deficiency of which nutrient? ➤ Protein 🔹 Which organ stores the highest amount of iron in the body? ➤ Liver 🔹 What is the function of hemoglobin in the blood? ➤ To transport oxygen 🔹 Which metal is present in hemoglobin? ➤ Iron 🔹 Which disease results from excessive iron deposition in organs? ➤ Hemosiderosis 🔹 What is the main symptom of iron toxicity in the body? ➤ Liver damage 🔹 Which condition is caused by excessive Vitamin D intake? ➤ Hypercalcemia 🔹 Which organ is primarily affected by jaundice? ➤ Liver

Question: The “Nalacharitram” play is associated with which Indian dance form? Kathak Kathakali Sattriya Odissi

Answer: ✅ Kathakali Explanation: "Nalacharitram" is a famous Kathakali play written by Unnayi Warrier in the 18th century . It narrates the story of King Nala and his struggles , derived from the Mahabharata. This play is one of the most celebrated performances in Kathakali , a classical dance-drama from Kerala known for its elaborate storytelling, vibrant costumes, and expressive gestures. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Kathakali is a storytelling dance-drama that originated in Kerala and is based on Hindu epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata . 🔹 It is a combination of five fine art forms: Natyam (expressions) Nritham (dance) Nrithyam (enactment) Sangeetam (music) Vadya (instruments) 🔹 Significance: Kathakali is one of the most challenging dance forms, using a sign language where hand gestures and intricate facial & eye movements express emotions and moods. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which state is Kathakali dance associated with? (SSC CGL 2017) 📌 Unnayi Warrier, the author of Nalacharitham, was a poet of which language? (SSC CHSL 2020) 📌 What is the traditional percussion instrument used in Kathakali? (SSC CPO 2019) 📌 Which Indian classical dance form is known for its elaborate facial makeup and expressive gestures? (SSC MTS 2021) 📌 Who is the famous exponent of Kathakali dance known for his contributions to popularizing the art form? (SSC CGL 2018) ✔ Answer: Kalamandalam Gopi 📌 Kalamandalam Ramankutty Nair was associated with which Indian classical dance form? (SSC CHSL 2019) ✔ Answer: Kathakali 📌 Which legendary Kathakali artist was awarded the Padma Bhushan for his contributions to the dance form? (SSC CPO 2021) ✔ Answer: Kalamandalam Gopi 📌 Guru Chemancheri Kunhiraman Nair, a Padma Shri awardee, was a famous exponent of which classical dance form? (SSC MTS 2022) ✔ Answer: Kathakali 📌 Which Kathakali artist is renowned for his performances in villainous (Katti) roles? (SSC GD 2020) ✔ Answer: Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair

Question: Who was associated with the foundation of Fergusson College? Dadabhai Naoroji Gopal Krishna Gokhale Lajpat Rai Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer: ✅ Bal Gangadhar Tilak Explanation: Fergusson College was established in 1885 in Pune, Maharashtra by the Deccan Education Society (DES) , which was founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak , Gopal Ganesh Agarkar , and other reformers. It played a key role in shaping nationalist education and promoting Indian self-reliance. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Deccan Education Society (DES) was founded in 1884 to provide quality education to Indians. 🔹 Other Key Founders of DES: Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Vishnushastri Chiplunkar M.G. Ranade 🔹 Fergusson College became an important institution for freedom fighters and nationalists. Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of its notable alumni. 🔹 The college was named after Sir James Fergusson , the then Governor of Bombay. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which organization was founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Gopal Ganesh Agarkar in 1884? (SSC CGL 2019) ✔ Answer: Deccan Education Society 📌 In which year was Fergusson College established? (SSC CHSL 2020) ✔ Answer: 1885 📌 Gopal Krishna Gokhale was associated with which educational institution? (SSC CPO 2018) ✔ Answer: Fergusson College 📌 Who was known as the ‘Father of Indian Unrest’? (SSC MTS 2021) ✔ Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak 📌 Which nationalist leader started the newspapers ‘Kesari’ and ‘Maratha’? (SSC GD 2022) ✔ Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak 📌 Who among the following was a mentor to Mahatma Gandhi and a key member of the Servants of India Society? (SSC CGL 2022) ✔ Answer: Gopal Krishna Gokhale 📌 Which British Governor was Fergusson College named after? (SSC CHSL 2017) ✔ Answer: Sir James Fergusson 📌 Who was the first editor of the newspaper ‘Kesari’, founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak? (SSC CGL 2020) ✔ Answer: Gopal Ganesh Agarkar 📌 Which Indian leader popularized the slogan ‘Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it’? (SSC CPO 2019) ✔ Answer: Bal Gangadhar Tilak 📌 Which college played a significant role in the Indian nationalist movement and was closely associated with leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Bal Gangadhar Tilak? (SSC MTS 2022) ✔ Answer: Fergusson College

Question: Name the Bhakti Saint from South India who was initially a Jaina and a minister in the court of a Chalukya king in the twelfth century. Karaikkal Ammaiyar Basavanna Eknath Tallapaka Annamacharya

Answer: ✅ Basavanna Explanation: 🔹 Basavanna (1105–1167 AD) was a 12th-century Bhakti saint, poet, and social reformer from Karnataka. 🔹 He was initially a follower of Jainism but later became a devoted Shaivite and led the Lingayat movement (Veerashaivism). 🔹 He served as a minister in the court of King Bijjala I , a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty , which was associated with the Later Chalukyas of Kalyani . 🔹 He opposed caste discrimination and promoted the concept of 'Kayaka' (dignity of labor) . 🔹 His vachanas (poems) in Kannada are famous for their spiritual and reformist messages. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Veerashaivism: A sect of Shaivism founded by Basavanna, emphasizing equality and devotion to Lord Shiva. 🔹 Anubhava Mantapa: An academy established by Basavanna for spiritual discussions, considered the first religious parliament of India. 🔹 Basavanna's Influence: He inspired social movements against casteism and promoted the concept of work as worship. 🔹 Other Saints of Bhakti Movement in South India: Karaikkal Ammaiyar: A Shaiva saint and one of the Nayanars. Tallapaka Annamacharya: A Vaishnavite poet-saint devoted to Lord Venkateswara. Eknath: A Marathi saint and poet of the Bhakti movement in Maharashtra. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which Bhakti saint was a minister in the court of Chalukya King Bijjala I? (SSC CGL 2020) ✔ Answer: Basavanna 📌 Who founded the Lingayat sect in the 12th century? (SSC CHSL 2019) ✔ Answer: Basavanna 📌 Which Bhakti saint is known for his vachanas (Kannada poetic compositions)? (SSC CPO 2018) ✔ Answer: Basavanna 📌 Anubhava Mantapa, a spiritual academy for discussions on devotion, was founded by which saint? (SSC MTS 2022) ✔ Answer: Basavanna 📌 Which Bhakti saint propagated the philosophy of ‘Kayaka’ (dignity of labor)? (SSC CGL 2021) ✔ Answer: Basavanna 📌 Who among the following belonged to the Nayanar tradition of Shaivism? (SSC CHSL 2020) ✔ Answer: Karaikkal Ammaiyar 📌 Which Bhakti saint wrote devotional hymns dedicated to Lord Venkateswara? (SSC GD 2021) ✔ Answer: Tallapaka Annamacharya

Question: Who was the founder of Banaras Gharana of Kathak? Ishwari Prasad Shambhu Maharaj Raja Chakradhar Singh Janaki Prasad

Answer: ✅ Janaki Prasad Explanation: 🔹 Banaras Gharana of Kathak was founded by Pandit Janaki Prasad in the 18th century . Additional Important Information: ✔ Other Major Kathak Gharanas: Lucknow Gharana: Founded by Ishwari Prasad ; known for graceful movements. Jaipur Gharana: founded by Bhanuji Maharaj ; emphasizes strong footwork and fast spins. Raigarh Gharana: Promoted by Raja Chakradhar Singh , blending elements from various styles. ✔ Famous Exponents of Banaras Gharana: Sitara Devi – Known as the ‘Queen of Kathak.’ Sundar Prasad – A great guru of the Banaras and Jaipur styles. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Who was the founder of the Lucknow Gharana of Kathak? (SSC CGL 2021) ✔ Answer: Ishwari Prasad 📌 Which Kathak Gharana is famous for its strong footwork and fast spins? (SSC CHSL 2020) ✔ Answer: Jaipur Gharana 📌 Who among the following was known as the ‘Queen of Kathak’? (SSC CPO 2019) ✔ Answer: Sitara Devi 📌 Which ruler patronized the Raigarh Gharana of Kathak? (SSC MTS 2022) ✔ Answer: Raja Chakradhar Singh 📌 Which Kathak Gharana is known for its temple traditions and spiritual storytelling? (SSC GD 2021) ✔ Answer: Banaras Gharana 4o

Question: Who coined the term ‘Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics’ in 1931, which asserts that two bodies in equilibrium with a third are in equilibrium with each other? Options: ➤ James Clerk Maxwell ➤ Max Planck ➤ Josiah Willard Gibbs ➤ Ralph H. Fowler

Answer: Ralph H. Fowler Explanation: 🔹 The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other . 🔹 The term "Zeroth Law" was coined by Ralph H. Fowler in 1931 to logically place it before the already existing First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics . 🔹 This law is fundamental to defining temperature as a measurable property in thermodynamics. 🔹 The law was necessary because the First and Second Laws were already numbered , and this principle was more fundamental, leading to the term “Zeroth” instead of renumbering the existing laws . Additional Important Information: ✔ Other Laws of Thermodynamics: First Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another. Second Law: The entropy (disorder) of an isolated system always increases over time. Third Law: As temperature approaches absolute zero, the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero. ✔ Key Scientists in Thermodynamics: James Clerk Maxwell – Developed Maxwell’s Equations and contributed to kinetic theory. Max Planck – Introduced quantum theory and black-body radiation law . Josiah Willard Gibbs – Developed Gibbs free energy and thermodynamic potential concepts. Ludwig Boltzmann – Contributed to statistical mechanics and entropy concepts . Sadi Carnot – Known as the "Father of Thermodynamics" , developed the Carnot cycle . Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which law of thermodynamics defines temperature? (SSC CGL 2020) ✔ Answer: Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics 📌 Who formulated the concept of entropy? (SSC GD 2020) ✔ Answer: Rudolf Clausius 📌 The First Law of Thermodynamics is based on which principle? (SSC CHSL 2021) ✔ Answer: Law of Conservation of Energy 📌 Entropy is associated with which law of thermodynamics? (SSC CPO 2019) ✔ Answer: Second Law of Thermodynamics 📌 Which law states that absolute zero is unattainable? (SSC MTS 2022) ✔ Answer: Third Law of Thermodynamics 📌 Which scientist is known for his work on the Carnot cycle? (SSC CGL 2018) ✔ Answer: Sadi Carnot 📌 What is the SI unit of entropy? (SSC CHSL 2017) ✔ Answer: Joules per Kelvin (J/K) 📌 Maxwell's equations are related to which field of physics? (SSC JE 2019) ✔ Answer: Electromagnetism 📌 Which thermodynamic process occurs at constant volume? (SSC CGL 2019) ✔ Answer: Isochoric Process 📌 Which device measures the specific heat capacity of a substance? (SSC JE 2021) ✔ Answer: Calorimeter 📌 Which gas law states that at constant temperature, pressure is inversely proportional to volume? (SSC CHSL 2020) ✔ Answer: Boyle’s Law

Question: Which one of the following pairs is correctly matched? (A) Copper - Khetri mines (B) Iron ore - Kudremukh mines (C) Manganese - Nellore mines (D) Both A and B

✔ (D) Both A and B Explanation: Khetri mines (Rajasthan) are the largest copper-producing mines in India. Kudremukh mines (Karnataka) are well known for iron ore extraction. Nellore mines (Andhra Pradesh) are primarily known for mica , not manganese. Additional Important Information: Major Copper Mines in India: Khetri (Rajasthan) – Largest copper mine in India. Malanjkhand (Madhya Pradesh) – One of the biggest open-pit copper mines. Singhbhum (Jharkhand) – Copper deposits found here. Major Iron Ore Mines in India: Kudremukh (Karnataka) – Famous for iron ore deposits. Bailadila (Chhattisgarh) – One of the richest iron ore deposits. Kiriburu-Meghahatuburu (Jharkhand-Odisha) – Known for hematite iron ore. Major Manganese Ore Mines in India: Odisha (largest producer in India). Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Goa are other producers. Related SSC PYQs: Which state is the largest producer of manganese in India? ✔ Odisha (Produces about 44% of India's manganese ore). Kudremukh mines are associated with which mineral? ✔ Iron ore (Kudremukh is one of the most famous iron ore sites in India). Which mineral is mainly found in Khetri mines? ✔ Copper (Khetri mines in Rajasthan are the largest producer of copper in India). Where is India's largest mica-producing region located? ✔ Jharkhand & Andhra Pradesh (Both states are the top mica producers). Which Indian state has the highest reserves of iron ore? ✔ Odisha (Odisha has more than 50% of India's iron ore reserves). Bailadila mines are famous for which mineral? ✔ Iron ore (Bailadila range in Chhattisgarh has the highest quality iron ore). Which mineral is extracted from Singhbhum mines? ✔ Copper (Singhbhum, located in Jharkhand, has significant copper deposits). The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh are known for which mineral? ✔ Manganese (Balaghat is one of the major manganese-producing regions). In which state is the Hutti Gold Mine located? ✔ Karnataka (Hutti in Karnataka is the only operational gold mine in India). Which state has the largest bauxite reserves in India? ✔ Odisha (Odisha has the highest bauxite reserves, used for aluminum production). 4o

Question: Which of the following statements best defines the term 'current account deficit' ? (A) It is a measurement of a country's trade where the value of the goods and services it imports exceeds the value of the products it exports. (B) It represents the balance of payments for a country and keeps track of the net change in a nation's assets and liabilities during a year. (C) It is a statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world over a defined period of time, such as a quarter or a year. (D) None of the above.

✔ (A) It is a measurement of a country's trade where the value of the goods and services it imports exceeds the value of the products it exports. Explanation: Current Account Deficit (CAD) occurs when a nation’s total imports of goods, services, and transfers exceed its total exports . It is a component of the Balance of Payments (BoP) and indicates that a country is spending more on foreign trade than it is earning . CAD is considered a negative economic indicator if it persists for a long time, as it implies dependency on foreign capital. Additional Important Information: Causes of CAD: High import demand for oil, gold, and electronic goods. Low export competitiveness. Depreciation of domestic currency leading to costlier imports. Excessive foreign borrowings. Impact of CAD: Weakens the national currency. Increases external debt. Can lead to inflation. Measures to Reduce CAD: Promoting exports and reducing non-essential imports. Implementing import tariffs or restrictions. Encouraging domestic manufacturing (e.g., Make in India initiative ). Related SSC PYQs: What does a Current Account Deficit indicate? ✔ It indicates that a country is importing more than it is exporting. Which component of the Balance of Payments records export and import of goods and services? ✔ Current Account (It includes trade in goods, services, and unilateral transfers). What is included in the Current Account of Balance of Payments? ✔ Goods, services, income, and current transfers. What is the main reason for India's current account deficit? ✔ High crude oil imports (India depends on imports for over 80% of its crude oil needs). Which international organization provides balance of payment data for countries? ✔ International Monetary Fund (IMF). If a country has a surplus in the current account, what does it mean? ✔ It means that exports exceed imports. What happens to the exchange rate if a country has a high CAD? ✔ The domestic currency depreciates due to higher demand for foreign currency. Which sector has the highest contribution to India's export earnings? ✔ Services sector (IT & Software services contribute significantly to India's exports). Which Indian government initiative focuses on reducing imports and increasing domestic production? ✔ Make in India. What is the main difference between Current Account and Capital Account? ✔ Current Account deals with trade in goods and services, whereas Capital Account deals with investments and loans.

Question: Which of the following institutions is entrusted with the promotion, financing, and development of the MSME sector in India? (A) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) (B) National Housing Bank (C) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) (D) National Payments Corporation of India

✔ (A) Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) Explanation: SIDBI was established in 1990 as a principal financial institution for promoting and financing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India. It provides credit, refinancing, and financial support to small-scale industries to boost entrepreneurship. SIDBI also collaborates with banks and financial institutions to improve MSME funding. Additional Important Information: Other key institutions and their roles: NABARD ( 12 July 1982. ) – Focuses on agriculture and rural development financing. National Housing Bank (NHB in 1988. ) – Regulates housing finance in India. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI in 2008) – Manages retail payments and digital transactions (e.g., UPI, RuPay). MSME Definition (Revised 2020): Micro Enterprises: Investment ≤ ₹1 Cr & Turnover ≤ ₹5 Cr Small Enterprises: Investment ≤ ₹10 Cr & Turnover ≤ ₹50 Cr Medium Enterprises: Investment ≤ ₹50 Cr & Turnover ≤ ₹250 Cr SIDBI Schemes for MSMEs: PMEGP (Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme) – Financial support for new MSME entrepreneurs. CGTMSE (Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises) – Provides collateral-free loans. Stand-Up India Scheme – Loans for women and SC/ST entrepreneurs. Related SSC PYQs: Which financial institution primarily supports MSMEs in India? ✔ SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India). What does NABARD mainly focus on? ✔ Agriculture and Rural Development. Which organization regulates and promotes digital payments in India? ✔ National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI). Which scheme provides collateral-free loans to MSMEs? ✔ Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE). Under the MSME classification, a business with an investment of ₹8 Cr and a turnover of ₹40 Cr falls under which category? ✔ Small Enterprise. What is the primary objective of the Stand-Up India scheme? ✔ To provide loans to SC/ST and women entrepreneurs. Which ministry oversees MSME policies in India? ✔ Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. What is the maximum loan amount provided under the PMEGP scheme? ✔ ₹25 lakh for manufacturing & ₹10 lakh for service sector. Which state has the highest number of MSMEs in India? ✔ Uttar Pradesh. Which Indian bank launched the "SME Business Loans" initiative to help MSMEs? ✔ State Bank of India (SBI). 4o

Question: The stone-made railing surrounding the upper portion of the Stupa is called? 1️⃣ Anda 2️⃣ Chhatra 3️⃣ Medhi 4️⃣ Harmika

✔ Harmika Explanation: ✔ Harmika is a square railing at the top of a Stupa, enclosing the Chhatra (umbrella-like structure). It is considered a sacred space in Buddhist architecture. ✔ Anda refers to the hemispherical dome of the Stupa, representing the mound where relics are enshrined. ✔ Chhatra is the umbrella-like structure on top of the Harmika , symbolizing honor and respect. ✔ Medhi is the circular terrace surrounding the Anda, providing a path for circumambulation (Pradakshina). Additional Important Information: 📌 The Great Stupa at Sanchi (Madhya Pradesh) is the most well-known Stupa, commissioned by Emperor Ashoka . 📌 Stupas were originally built to house the relics of Buddha and are central to Buddhist architecture. 📌 Other famous Stupas in India include Dhamek Stupa (Sarnath), Bharhut Stupa, and Amravati Stupa . Related SSC PYQs: Which part of the Stupa represents the cosmic dome? Ans: Anda What is the name of the circular path around the Stupa for circumambulation? Ans: Pradakshina Path Which ruler is credited with the construction of the Sanchi Stupa? Ans: Emperor Ashoka What is the function of the Medhi in a Stupa? Ans: It serves as a platform for circumambulation.

Question: Who composed the Law of Triads? 1️⃣ Newland 2️⃣ Dobereiner 3️⃣ Mosley 4️⃣ Mendeleev

✔ Dobereiner Explanation: ✔ Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner (1817) proposed the Law of Triads , which grouped elements in sets of three (triads) based on their chemical properties and atomic masses. ✔ The atomic mass of the middle element in a triad was approximately the average of the atomic masses of the first and third elements . Example of Dobereiner’s Triads: 1️⃣ Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K) 2️⃣ Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba) 3️⃣ Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I) Additional Important Information: 📌 Newland proposed the Law of Octaves (Every 8th element repeats properties). 📌 Mendeleev created the first periodic table based on atomic mass. 📌 Mosley refined the periodic table by organizing elements by atomic number rather than atomic mass. Related SSC PYQs: Who proposed the Law of Octaves in the classification of elements? Ans: John Newlands Who is known as the "Father of the Periodic Table"? Ans: Dmitri Mendeleev Who discovered the concept of atomic number in the periodic table? Ans: Henry Moseley Which scientist first attempted to classify elements based on their atomic mass? Ans: Dobereiner (Law of Triads)

Mock Question: Which of the following scientists has invented the periodic table, ordering symbols of chemical elements according to their atomic mass? ➤ (A) Henry Moseley ➤ (B) Dmitri Mendeleev ➤ (C) Antoine Lavoisier ➤ (D) John Dalton

✔ (B) Dmitri Mendeleev Explanation: Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist, created the first periodic table in 1869 , arranging elements in increasing order of atomic mass . He also left gaps for undiscovered elements and correctly predicted their properties. His work laid the foundation for modern chemistry. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Henry Moseley (1913) modified the periodic table by arranging elements in increasing atomic number (Z) instead of atomic mass. 🔹 The modern periodic table has 18 groups and 7 periods , whereas Mendeleev’s table had 8 groups and 6 periods. 🔹 Group 18 (Noble gases) were later added by William Ramsay . 🔹 Periodic Law: Mendeleev’s periodic law was based on atomic mass, while the modern periodic law is based on atomic number. 🔹 Lothar Meyer , a German scientist, also developed a similar periodic table independently. 🔹 Transition elements lie in the d-block of the periodic table and show variable oxidation states. 🔹 Lanthanides and actinides are placed separately as f-block elements due to their unique electronic configurations. Related SSC PYQs with Answers: 📌 Who proposed the modern periodic law based on atomic number? (SSC CHSL 2018) ✔ Henry Moseley 📌 Which group in the periodic table contains noble gases? (SSC MTS 2019) ✔ Group 18 📌 Who discovered the element argon? (SSC CGL 2017) ✔ Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay 📌 How many groups are there in the modern periodic table? (SSC CPO 2020) ✔ 18 Groups 📌 Which element is known as the lightest metal? (SSC CGL 2016) ✔ Lithium (Li) 📌 Which scientist classified elements into metals and non-metals? (SSC CHSL 2019) ✔ Antoine Lavoisier 📌 What is the total number of periods in the modern periodic table? (SSC CPO 2021) ✔ 7 Periods 📌 Elements in which group are known as alkali metals? (SSC GD 2023) ✔ Group 1 📌 Which block of elements contains transition metals? (SSC CGL 2018) ✔ d-block 📌 What is the general electronic configuration of noble gases? (SSC MTS 2022) ✔ ns² np⁶ (except Helium: 1s²) 📌 Who discovered the electron, leading to the atomic model? (SSC CGL 2015) ✔ J.J. Thomson 📌 Which scientist proposed the atomic theory? (SSC CHSL 2017) ✔ John Dalton 📌 What is the valency of elements in Group 17 (Halogens)? (SSC CGL 2019) ✔ -1 (They need one electron to complete their octet) 📌 What is the atomic number range of lanthanides? (SSC CGL 2020) ✔ 57 to 71 📌 Which element is the first in the lanthanide series? (SSC CHSL 2021) ✔ Lanthanum (La) - Atomic number 57 📌 Which element has the atomic number 71 and is the last lanthanide? (SSC CPO 2019) ✔ Lutetium (Lu) 📌 What is the atomic number range of actinides? (SSC CGL 2019) ✔ 89 to 103

Mock Question: Which is the oldest aluminium refinery plant in India? ➤ (A) The Damanjodi Plant ➤ (B) The Muri Alumina Plant ➤ (C) The Mettur Plant ➤ (D) The Belgaum Plant

✔ (B) The Muri Alumina Plant Explanation: The Muri Alumina Plant , located in Jharkhand , is the oldest aluminium refinery plant in India , established in 1938 by Indian Aluminium Company (INDAL) . It processes bauxite to produce alumina , which is further used to extract aluminium. Additional Important Information: 🔹 Damanjodi Plant (NALCO, Odisha) – One of India’s largest alumina refineries, commissioned in 1985 . 🔹 Mettur Plant (Tamil Nadu) – A part of MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company), involved in aluminium production. 🔹 Belgaum Plant (Karnataka) – A major aluminium refinery set up by HINDALCO. 🔹 India’s Largest Aluminium Producer – Vedanta and Hindalco are the leading aluminium manufacturers in India. 🔹 Bauxite Reserves in India – Odisha has the highest bauxite reserves, followed by Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. 🔹 Bauxite Composition – Bauxite is the principal ore of aluminium, containing Al₂O₃ (Aluminium Oxide) with impurities. Related SSC PYQs with Answers: 📌 Which state in India has the largest bauxite reserves? (SSC CGL 2022) ✔ Odisha 📌 Which is the largest producer of aluminium in India? (SSC CHSL 2020) ✔ Vedanta & Hindalco 📌 What is the chief ore of aluminium? (SSC CGL 2019) ✔ Bauxite 📌 Which company operates the largest aluminium refinery in India? (SSC CPO 2018) ✔ NALCO (National Aluminium Company Limited) 📌 Where is the Koraput bauxite mine located? (SSC MTS 2021) ✔ Odisha 📌 Which method is used for aluminium extraction from bauxite? (SSC CGL 2017) ✔ Hall-Héroult Process 📌 Which element is extracted using the Bayer Process? (SSC CHSL 2016) ✔ Aluminium (from Bauxite) 📌 Which Indian company was the first to produce aluminium? (SSC CGL 2015) ✔ Indian Aluminium Company (INDAL) 📌 What is the chemical formula of alumina? (SSC MTS 2022) ✔ Al₂O₃ 📌 Which city is known as the Aluminium Capital of India? (SSC GD 2023) ✔ Koraput (Odisha)

Q3. Which one of the following chemical reactions is NOT feasible? (a) Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu (b) Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu (c) Cu + PbCl₂ → CuCl₂ + Pb (d) Mg + CuSO₄ → MgSO₄ + Cu

✔ (c) Cu + PbCl₂ → CuCl₂ + Pb Explanation: The feasibility of a reaction depends on the reactivity of metals in the electrochemical series (Reactivity Series) . ✔ Understanding the reaction feasibility: A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from its compound. The Reactivity Series (Descending Order): K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag > Au ✔ Checking each reaction: (a) Fe + CuSO₄ → FeSO₄ + Cu ✅ Feasible Iron (Fe) is more reactive than Copper (Cu) , so Fe can displace Cu. (b) Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu ✅ Feasible Zinc (Zn) is more reactive than Copper (Cu) , so Zn can replace Cu. (c) Cu + PbCl₂ → CuCl₂ + Pb ❌ Not Feasible Copper (Cu) is less reactive than Lead (Pb) , so Cu cannot displace Pb from PbCl₂. (d) Mg + CuSO₄ → MgSO₄ + Cu ✅ Feasible Magnesium (Mg) is more reactive than Copper (Cu) , so Mg can replace Cu. Additional Important Information: ✔ Key Concept: The higher a metal is in the Reactivity Series, the more likely it is to displace another metal from a compound. ✔ Common Feasible Reactions in SSC Exams: Al + Fe₂O₃ → Al₂O₃ + Fe (Thermite Reaction, used for welding) Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂ (Zinc reacts with sulfuric acid to produce hydrogen gas) Related SSC PYQs: Q1. Which metal is the most reactive? ✔ Answer: Potassium (K) Q2. What happens when iron nails are dipped in copper sulfate solution? ✔ Answer: Iron displaces copper, forming iron sulfate (FeSO₄) and copper deposits on the nail. Q3. Why does aluminum not react with water easily? ✔ Answer: Because aluminum forms an oxide layer (Al₂O₃) that prevents further reaction.

Q. Which one of the following is NOT a property of the X-rays? Options: (a) They are deflected by electric fields. (b) They are not deflected by magnetic fields. (c) They have high penetrating power. (d) Their wavelength is much smaller than that of visible light.

Answer: ✔ (a) They are deflected by electric fields. Explanation: X-rays are electromagnetic waves and do not carry any charge , which means they are not affected by electric or magnetic fields . They have high penetrating power , allowing them to pass through soft tissues but are absorbed by denser materials like bones. Their wavelength is much smaller than that of visible light, making them useful in imaging and medical applications. By Increasing Frequency (Decreasing Wavelength): 🔹 Radio Waves → Microwaves → Infrared (IR) → Visible Light → Ultraviolet (UV) → X-rays → Gamma Rays Additional Important Information: ✔ X-ray Properties: Discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen (1st Noble Prize Winner in 1901) in 1895 . Used in medical imaging, security scanning, and material analysis . Can cause ionization , which may lead to cell damage or cancer in high doses. Have a shorter wavelength than visible light but longer than gamma rays. ✔ X-ray Uses: Medical field: X-ray imaging (fractures, lung diseases). Security: Airport baggage scanning. Industrial testing: Checking for cracks in metals. Related SSC PYQs: Q1. Who discovered X-rays? ✔ Answer: Wilhelm Röntgen Q2. Which electromagnetic waves have the highest frequency? ✔ Answer: Gamma rays Q3. What is the speed of X-rays in a vacuum? ✔ Answer: 3 × 10⁸ m/s (Same as the speed of light) Q4. Which rays are used for cancer treatment? ✔ Answer: Gamma rays

Question 16 (CDS 2020-I): Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events during sexual reproduction in plants? (a) Seedling, formation of embryo, pollination, fertilization, division of zygote (b) Formation of embryo, seedling, pollination, fertilization, division of zygote (c) Pollination, fertilization, division of zygote, formation of embryo, seedling (d) Seedling, formation of embryo, division of zygote, pollination, fertilization

✔ (c) Pollination, fertilization, division of zygote, formation of embryo, seedling Explanation: The correct sequence of sexual reproduction in plants is: 1️⃣ Pollination → Transfer of pollen from anther (male part) to stigma (female part). 2️⃣ Fertilization → Fusion of male and female gametes inside the ovule to form a zygote. 3️⃣ Division of Zygote → The zygote undergoes mitotic divisions to form an embryo. 4️⃣ Formation of Embryo → The embryo develops into a seed. 5️⃣ Seedling → The seed germinates under favorable conditions and grows into a seedling. Additional Important Information: ✔ Types of Pollination: Self-pollination (Autogamy): Pollen from the same flower fertilizes the ovule. Cross-pollination (Allogamy): Pollen is transferred between different flowers. ✔ Fertilization in Plants: Double fertilization is a unique feature of angiosperms, where one sperm fertilizes the egg (forming a zygote), and another sperm fertilizes the polar nuclei (forming endosperm). ✔ Seed Formation and Germination: The seed coat protects the embryo. The cotyledons store nutrients for the growing seedling. Germination requires water, oxygen, and proper temperature. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which part of the plant is responsible for producing pollen grains? ➤ Answer: Anther (SSC CGL 2019) 📌 What is the primary function of endosperm in a seed? ➤ Answer: It provides nutrition to the developing embryo. (SSC CHSL 2021) 📌 Which hormone in plants is responsible for seed dormancy? ➤ Answer: Abscisic Acid (SSC CPO 2022) 📌 Which type of pollination occurs through the help of insects? ➤ Answer: Entomophily (SSC GD 2018) 📌 Which part of the seed grows into a root? ➤ Answer: Radicle (SSC MTS 2020)

Question (CDS 2020-I): Which one of the following animals has a three-chambered heart? (a) Scoliodon (b) Salamander (c) Pigeon (d) Human being

✔ (b) Salamander Explanation: The number of chambers in the heart varies among different animal groups: ✔ Fish → 2-chambered heart (1 atrium, 1 ventricle) ✔ Amphibians (e.g., Salamander, Frog) → 3-chambered heart (2 atria, 1 ventricle) ✔ Reptiles (except Crocodiles) → 3-chambered heart with partial ventricular septum ✔ Birds & Mammals → 4-chambered heart (2 atria, 2 ventricles) Salamanders belong to the class Amphibia and possess a three-chambered heart , which is an intermediate adaptation between the simpler circulatory system of fish and the more advanced system of mammals and birds. Additional Important Information: ✔ Why do amphibians have a three-chambered heart? The three-chambered heart allows some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood , which is sufficient for amphibians as they also breathe through their skin (cutaneous respiration). ✔ Exceptions in Reptiles: "Crocodiles" have a 4-chambered heart , unlike other reptiles which have three chambers. ✔ Birds & Mammals: A four-chambered heart prevents the mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood, ensuring efficient oxygen delivery to tissues for sustained metabolic activity. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which of the following has a two-chambered heart? ➤ Answer: Fish (SSC CGL 2022) 📌 Which animal is an exception among reptiles for having a four-chambered heart? ➤ Answer: Crocodile (SSC CHSL 2019) 📌 Which animal has a three-chambered heart and lays eggs? ➤ Answer: Frog (SSC CPO 2021) 📌 Which group of vertebrates has the most efficient circulatory system? ➤ Answer: Mammals and Birds (SSC GD 2020) 📌 Which class of animals is characterized by the presence of both gills and lungs at different life stages? ➤ Answer: Amphibians (SSC MTS 2018)

Question: The Indian Forest Act 1927 was enacted after repealing which of the following Indian forest acts? ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1922 ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1878 ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1865 ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1882

Question: The Indian Forest Act 1927 was enacted after repealing which of the following Indian forest acts? ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1922 ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1878 ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1865 ◯ Indian Forest Act, 1882 ✔ Correct Answer: ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1878 Detailed Explanation: ✔ The Indian Forest Act of 1927 was introduced to consolidate laws related to forest conservation, management, and exploitation in British India. ✔ It replaced the Indian Forest Act of 1878 , which had earlier categorized forests into Reserved, Protected, and Village forests. ✔ The first forest-related law in India was the Indian Forest Act of 1865 , but it was later replaced by the 1878 Act , which was more structured. ✔ The Indian Forest Act, 1927, remains the primary legislation governing forests and forest produce in India today. Explanation of Other Options: ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1865 – The first attempt to regulate forests in British India. It allowed the government to declare any land as forest. However, it lacked classification of forests. ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1878 – Introduced three types of forests: Reserved, Protected, and Village forests , strengthening government control over forest resources. ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1922 – This act never existed ; it's a trap option. No such legislation was enacted in 1922. ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1882 – This act also does not exist. SSC sometimes adds fictional years to mislead candidates. Additional Important Information: ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1865 ➝ The first law regulating forests in British India. ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1878 ➝ Introduced three-tier forest classification. ✔ Indian Forest Act, 1927 ➝ Current legal framework for forest management. ✔ Forest Rights Act, 2006 ➝ Recognizes forest dwellers' rights. ✔ The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 ➝ Aims to protect India’s biodiversity. Related SSC PYQs: 📌 Which Act was introduced by the British to regulate forest management in India for the first time? ➤ Indian Forest Act, 1865 (SSC CGL 2019) 📌 Under which Act were Indian forests first classified into Reserved, Protected, and Village forests? ➤ Indian Forest Act, 1878 (SSC CGL 2020) 📌 Which Act governs the legal framework for forest conservation and forest produce in modern India? ➤ Indian Forest Act, 1927 (SSC CHSL 2018) 📌 Which Act recognizes the rights of forest dwellers in India? ➤ Forest Rights Act, 2006 (SSC CPO 2021) One-Word Quick Revision Facts: ✔ First Indian forest law: Indian Forest Act, 1865 ✔ Act that introduced Reserved, Protected, and Village forests: Indian Forest Act, 1878 ✔ Current law governing forests in India: Indian Forest Act, 1927 ✔ Act protecting forest dwellers' rights: Forest Rights Act, 2006 ✔ Authority responsible for forest conservation in India: Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) Interconnected Static GK: 📌 Which is the largest forest cover state in India? ➤ Madhya Pradesh 📌 Which is the largest national park in India? ➤ Hemis National Park (Ladakh) 📌 Which is the oldest national park in India? ➤ Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand), established in 1936 📌 Which river passes through the most number of states in India? ➤ The Ganga River (passes through Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal) Anticipated Upcoming SSC Questions: 1️⃣ Which Act provides legal protection to wildlife and endangered species in India? ✔ Likely Answer ➝ Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 2️⃣ Which type of forest covers the largest area in India? ✔ Likely Answer ➝ Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests 3️⃣ Which state has the highest number of tiger reserves? ✔ Likely Answer ➝ Madhya Pradesh (Has 7 tiger reserves) 4️⃣ Which Indian biosphere reserve is the largest in terms of area? ✔ Likely Answer ➝ Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve 5️⃣ Which Indian river is known as the ‘Sorrow of Bihar’? ✔ Likely Answer ➝ Kosi River

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FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

✔ Question 1: The Treaty of Purandar (1665) was signed between which two rulers?

(A) Shivaji and Aurangzeb

(B) Shivaji and Jai Singh I

(D) Shah Jahan and Bijapur Sultan

Back

Answer: (B) Shivaji and Jai Singh I

📌 Additional Important Information:

The Treaty of Purandar (1665) was signed between Shivaji and Raja Jai Singh I, a Mughal commander under Aurangzeb.

➤ In which year did Shivaji assume the title of Chhatrapati? → 1674

Who was the Governor-General of Bengal during the First Anglo-Maratha War? SSC CGL 2017

➤ Answer: Warren Hastings

Which treaty ended the First Anglo-Maratha War? (SSC CPO 2016)

➤ Treaty of Salbai

The Treaty of Bassein (1802) was signed between which two parties? ✔ Exam: SSC CHSL 2018

➤ Answer: The British (East India Company) and Baji Rao II. This treaty led to the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803–1805), as it allowed the British to station troops in Maratha territory.

Who was the last Peshwa of the Marathas? (SSC MTS 2017)

➤ Baji Rao II

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

✔ Question 3: What is the approximate area of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of India?

(A) 1.2 million sq. km

(B) 2.02 million sq. km

(D) 4.5 million sq. km

Back

🔹 Answer: (B) 2.02 million sq. km

📌 Additional Important Information:

The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is the region beyond 12 nautical miles of the coastline, extending up to 200 nautical miles into the sea.

India’s EEZ covers 2.02 million sq. km, giving it access to rich marine resources and fisheries.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) governs EEZ regulations.

🔷 Related SSC PYQs:
➤ What is the total length of India’s coastline? → 7516.6 km
➤ Which state has the longest coastline in India? → Gujarat
➤ What is the largest saltwater lake in India? → Chilika Lake (Odisha)

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

🔷 Mock Question (SSC PYQ Style)

✔ Question: When did India win its first Post-Independence Olympic Medal?

(A) 1948

(B) 1949

(D) 1951

Back

🔷 Answer in GA Format

🔹 Answer: (A) 1948

📌 Additional Important Information:

India won its first Olympic medal after independence in the 1948 London Olympics.

The Indian Hockey Team won the gold medal, defeating Great Britain (4-0) in the final.

➤ In which year did India first participate in the Olympics? → 1920 (Antwerp, Belgium)
➤ Who was the first Indian to win an individual Olympic medal? → K.D. Jadhav (Bronze, Wrestling, 1952 Helsinki Olympics)
➤ In which Olympics did India win its first individual Olympic Gold Medal? → 2008 (Abhinav Bindra, Shooting)

✔ India’s Earliest Olympic Participation:

1900 Olympics (Paris): Norman Pritchard won 2 Silver Medals in Athletics, becoming the first Indian to win an Olympic medal.

1920 Olympics (Antwerp, Belgium): India sent its first official Olympic contingent.

1928 Olympics (Amsterdam, Netherlands): India won its first Olympic Gold Medal in Hockey, led by Dhyan Chand.

India has won a total of 8 Gold medals in Men’s Hockey at the Olympics. Here is the list of years:

1928 – Amsterdam
1932 – Los Angeles
1936 – Berlin
1948 – London
1952 – Helsinki
1956 – Melbourne
1964 – Tokyo
1980 – Moscow

🔹 India was the most dominant team in Olympic hockey from 1928 to 1956, winning 6 consecutive gold medals.
🔹 The last gold medal in Men’s Hockey came in Moscow 1980.
🔹 India's most recent Olympic medal in hockey was Bronze at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics (held in 2021).

✔ International Olympic Committee (IOC) Facts:

Founded in 1894.

Founder: Pierre de Coubertin (also designed the Olympic Rings).

First President of IOC: Dmitry Vyacheslav (Greece).

The Indian Olympic Association (IOA) was established in the year 1927.

🔹 It was founded by Sir Dorabji Tata and Dr. A.G. Noehren.
🔹 The IOA is responsible for India's participation in the Olympic Games, Asian Games, and Commonwealth Games.
🔹 First Secretary-General of IOA: Dr. A.G. Noehren
🔹 First President of IOA: Sir Dorabji Tata

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

📌 Question:

Article 239 deals with the ______________.

✔ (A) Administration of Union Territories by Lt. Governor
✔ (B) Administration of Union Territories by President
✔ (C) Administration of Union Territories by Prime Minister
✔ (D) Administration of Union Territories by Cabinet Ministers

Back

🔹 Answer:

✔ (B) Administration of Union Territories by President

🔷 Additional Important Information:

🔹 Article 239 of the Indian Constitution states that Union Territories (UTs) are administered by the President through an Administrator (Lt. Governor or Chief Commissioner), appointed by the President.
🔹 The President has the power to govern UTs directly or delegate authority to administrators.
🔹 Some UTs (e.g., Delhi, Puducherry, and Jammu & Kashmir) have legislatures with limited powers, governed under Article 239A & Article 239AA.

✔ Which Article grants special status to Delhi as a Union Territory with a legislature? (SSC CGL 2020)
➤ Article 239AA provides Delhi with an elected legislature but restricts control over police, land, and public order.

✔ Who administers the Union Territories in India? (SSC CPO 2019)
➤ The President, through an appointed Administrator or Lt. Governor.

✔ Which UT was given statehood in 1987? (SSC MTS 2022)
➤ Goa became a state on 30th May 1987, while Daman & Diu remained a UT.

✔ Which Article of the Indian Constitution never gets suspended? (SSC CGL 2018)
➤ Article 20 (Protection against conviction) & Article 21 (Right to Life) never get suspended, even in an emergency.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

📌 Question:

The Sahitya Akademi was formally inaugurated by the Government of India on 12 March ______.

✔ (A) 1956
✔ (B) 1954
✔ (C) 1958
✔ (D) 1952

Back

✔ (B) 1954 – ✅ Correct. The Sahitya Akademi, India's National Academy of Letters, was officially inaugurated on 12 March 1954 by the Government of India.

🔷 Additional Important Information:

🔹 Sahitya Akademi is an autonomous body under the Ministry of Culture.
🔹 It recognizes and promotes literary works in 24 languages (including 22 Scheduled Languages + English & Rajasthani.), including English and Rajasthani (recognized later).
🔹 Sahitya Akademi Award is one of India's most prestigious literary honors.
🔹 The first Sahitya Akademi Award was given in 1955.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:

The Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi (Amendment) Bill, 2021, which was passed in March 2021, amended the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, _______.

(a) 1998
(b) 1991
(c) 1996
(d) 1994

Back

✔ Correct Answer: (b) 1991

🔹 The 2021 amendment clarified that the "Government" in Delhi means the Lieutenant Governor (LG).
🔹 It required the Delhi Government to seek the LG’s opinion before implementing any executive decision.

📌 Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with Union Territories?
➤ Article 239

📌 Which amendment gave Delhi the status of a National Capital Territory?
➤ 69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991

📌 Who was the first Chief Minister of Delhi after it became a National Capital Territory in 1993?
➤ Madan Lal Khurana

📌 Which Article of the Indian Constitution deals with the Special Provisions for Delhi?
➤ Article 239AA

📌 Under which Article can the President impose President’s Rule in a Union Territory?
➤ Article 239AB

📌 Who appoints the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi?
➤ The President of India

📌 Which committee recommended statehood for Delhi in 1987?
➤ Balakrishnan Committee

📌 Which constitutional amendment provided special status to Delhi as the National Capital Territory?
➤ 69th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1991

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Question:

Which Article of the Constitution of India mentions that business in Parliament shall be transacted in Hindi or English?

(a) Article 122
(b) Article 120
(c) Article 121
(d) Article 119

Back

✔ Correct Answer: Article 120

🔹 Additional Important Information:
✔ Article 120 states that the business in Parliament shall be transacted in Hindi or English. However, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha may permit a member to address the House in their mother tongue.
✔ For State Legislatures, a similar provision is given under Article 210.
✔ Although Hindi was intended to replace English after 15 years (as per Article 343), English continues to be used for official purposes due to resistance from non-Hindi-speaking states.

🔷 Brief Explanation of Answer Options:
➤ Article 122: Courts cannot question the validity of parliamentary proceedings.
➤ Article 121: Discussion on the conduct of Supreme Court or High Court judges is restricted in Parliament.
➤ Article 119: Allows Parliament to regulate the procedure and conduct of its business.

🔹 Related SSC PYQs:
✔ Which Article of the Constitution deals with the language to be used in the Supreme Court and High Courts? (SSC CGL 2022) (Article 348)
✔ Under which Article is Hindi the official language of India? (SSC CHSL 2020) (Article 343)
✔ Which Schedule of the Constitution lists the official languages of India? (SSC CPO 2019) (Eighth Schedule)

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