Genetic Code Basics

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Genetic Code

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The set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins by living cells.

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Triplet Code

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A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

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Translation

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The process in which cellular ribosomes create proteins using the mRNA produced during transcription.

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Transcription

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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Codon

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A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule, corresponding to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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Anticodon

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A sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a transfer RNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA.