Protein Synthesis and Genetics

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protein synthesis

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The creation of a protein using the instructions in DNA.

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RNA

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Single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose; uracil replaces thymine.

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transcription

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Synthesis of mRNA from DNA; occurs in the nucleus.

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RNA polymerase

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Catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the messenger RNA strand during transcription.

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messenger RNA (mRNA)

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RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from the DNA in the nucleus to the rest of the cell.

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translation

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Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome and a protein is assembled; occurs in the cytoplasm.

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ribosomes

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Organelle where proteins are assembled by the joining of amino acids.

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codon

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Three base code in DNA or mRNA.

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ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

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transfer RNA (tRNA)

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Type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome.