Types of Sedimentary Rocks

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Detrital (Clastic)

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Sedimentary rocks formed from fragments of pre-existing rocks. Composed of solid particles (clasts) transported and deposited. Examples: sandstone, shale, conglomerate.

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Chemical

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Sedimentary rocks formed by precipitation of minerals from solution in water bodies due to evaporation or chemical activity. Examples: limestone, rock salt.

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Organic

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Sedimentary rocks formed from the accumulation of organic material. Derived from the remains of plants and animals. Examples: coal, some limestones.

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Shale

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A fine-grained detrital sedimentary rock. Composed of clay-sized particles. Characterized by its fissility.

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Mudstone

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A fine-grained detrital sedimentary rock. Similar to shale but lacks fissility. Composed of clay and silt-sized particles.

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Sandstone

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A medium-grained detrital sedimentary rock. Composed primarily of sand-sized grains. Classified based on composition and texture.

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Arkose

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A type of sandstone with abundant feldspar grains.

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Arenite

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A sandstone that contains less than 15% mud. It is a relatively clean sandstone.

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Greywacke

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A poorly sorted sandstone with a significant amount of clay. Often contains rock fragments and dark-colored minerals.

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Conglomerate

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A coarse-grained detrital sedimentary rock. Composed of rounded gravel-sized clasts. Indicates high-energy depositional environments.