Metabolism and Enzymes

Front

Refers to all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. Involves breaking down food fuels to produce ATP.

Back

Metabolism

Front

Involve synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones.

Back

Anabolic Reactions

Front

Involve hydrolysis of complex structures into simpler ones.

Back

Catabolic Reactions

Front

Enzymes shift high-energy phosphate groups of ATP to other molecules, activating them for cellular functions.

Back

Role of Enzymes in Metabolism

Front

Energy-containing nutrients are processed in three major stages: Digestion, Anabolism and formation of catabolic intermediates, Oxidative breakdown in the mitochondria.

Back

Stages of Metabolism

Front

Involves the breakdown of food to relatively small molecules in the intestine. Nutrients are then transported to tissues.

Back

Digestion

Front

Occurs within cells where nutrients are built into lipids, proteins, and glycogen or broken down by catabolic pathways to pyruvic acid and acetyl CoA.

Back

Anabolism and formation of catabolic intermediates

Front

Nutrients are broken down to carbon dioxide, water, and energy, which is stored in ATP.

Back

Oxidative breakdown in the mitochondria

Front

Stage 1 involves the digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats in the gastrointestinal tract into absorbable forms, which are then transported via blood to tissue cells.

Back

Stage 1: Digestion in the GI tract lumen to absorbable forms. Transport via blood to tissue cells.

Front

Stage 2 includes the incorporation of nutrients into molecules (anabolism) and the breakdown of nutrients (catabolism) to form intermediates within tissue cells.

Back

Stage 2: Anabolism and catabolism of nutrients to form intermediates within tissue cells.