Genetics Terminology Set 2

Front

DNA

Back

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms and viruses.

Front

mRNA

Back

Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

RNA and DNA differences

Back

RNA is single-stranded, contains ribose sugar, and uses uracil instead of thymine. DNA is double-stranded, contains deoxyribose sugar, and uses thymine.

Front

Transcription

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

Front

Translation

Back

The process by which a protein is synthesized from the mRNA sequence.

Front

Codon

Back

A sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule.

Front

Codon Chart

Back

A reference table used to translate mRNA codons into amino acids.

Front

Ribosome

Back

A molecular machine that facilitates the translation of mRNA into protein.

Front

Nucleus

Back

The membrane-bound organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the DNA.

Front

Protein

Back

A molecule composed of amino acids that performs a vast array of functions within organisms.