What is a Qualitative Variable?

A qualitative variable describes an object by placing it into a category or group, e.g., gender, nationality.

What is a Discrete Variable?

A discrete variable is expressed only in countable numbers, e.g., number of people in a household.

What is a Continuous Variable?

A continuous variable can potentially take on an infinite number of values, e.g., speed in km/h.

What is the Nominal Level of Measurement?

In the nominal level, numbers in the variables are used only to classify the data.

What is the Ordinal Level of Measurement?

In the ordinal level, numbers indicate an order.

What is the Interval Level of Measurement?

In the interval level, numbers tell the distances between the measurements in addition to classification and ordering.

What is the Ratio Level of Measurement?

The ratio level is a quantitative scale where there is a true zero and equal intervals between neighboring points.

What is Frequency Distribution?

Frequency distribution shows the frequency of repeated items in graphical or tabular form.

A bar graph is a pictorial representation of grouped data in vertical or horizontal rectangular bars.

A pie chart represents the numerical proportions of a dataset by dividing a circle into sectors.

What is a Line Graph?

A line graph shows a line joining several points, depicting the relationship between two changing variables.

What is a Time Series Graph?

A time series graph illustrates data points at successive intervals of time.

What is a Secular Trend?

A secular trend evidences a consistent pattern within a given period of time.

What are the Measures of Central Tendency?

The measures of central tendency include mean, median, and mode.

How is the Mean calculated?

The mean is calculated as the sum of all values in the dataset divided by the number of values.

The median is the middle value of the dataset when arranged in order.

The mode is the frequently occurring value in the dataset.

What is the Range in statistics?

The range is the difference between the highest and lowest score in a set of data.

What is the Interquartile Range (IQR)?

The IQR is the difference between the third and first quartiles.

Variance measures the tendency for individual observations to deviate from the mean.

What is Standard Deviation (SD)?

Standard deviation is the square root of variance, indicating the dispersion of data.

What is the Coefficient of Variation (CV)?

The CV is used to compare two or more sets of variables, expressed in percentages.

Z-scores measure the distance between an observation and the mean in units of standard deviation.

What is a Percentile?

A percentile is a measure indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations fall.

Outliers are data points that appear substantially different from the rest of the data points.

What is Linear Correlation?

Linear correlation investigates the degree of relationship between two variables.

What is Positive Correlation?

Positive correlation exists when one variable increases as the other variable increases.

What is Negative Correlation?

Negative correlation exists when one variable decreases as the other variable increases.

What is the Coefficient of Correlation?

The coefficient of correlation measures the strength of the relationship between two variables.

What is Linear Regression?

Linear regression attempts to show a relationship between two variables and predict the value of one based on the other.

What is Normal Distribution?

Normal distribution is a unique arrangement of data where most values cluster in the middle and taper off symmetrically.

What are the characteristics of Normal Distribution?

Characteristics include being continuous, bell-shaped, symmetrical, and having equal mean, median, and mode.

What is Standard Normal Distribution?

Standard normal distribution has a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.

How do you find the area under a standard normal curve?

Convert the random variable into z and use the table of areas under a normal curve.

What is the formula for Z-score?

The formula for Z-score is z = (x - μ) / σ.

What does a Z-score of -1.5 indicate?

A Z-score of -1.5 indicates that the value is 1.5 standard deviations below the mean.

What is the significance of the area left of a Z-score?

The area left of a Z-score represents the probability of observing a value less than that Z-score.

What is the purpose of Linear Regression Analysis?

Linear regression analysis is used to predict the value of a dependent variable based on an independent variable.

What is a Regression Line?

A regression line is a line that best describes the behavior of a set of data on a scatter diagram.

Mathematics in the Modern World: Data Management Flashcards

Student preview

46 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Statistics?

Back

Statistics deals with collection, classification, analysis, and interpretation of numerical facts (data) that can be used to draw valid conclusions.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Descriptive Statistics?

Back

Descriptive statistics involves collection and classification of data.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is Inferential Statistics?

Back

Inferential statistics involves analysis and interpretation of data.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Define Population in statistics.

Back

Population is the set of measurements corresponding to the entire collection of units about which the information is sought.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a Sample?

Back

A sample is a set of measurements that is collected in the course of investigation.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a Variable?

Back

A variable is a particular characteristic of the object or individual.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is a Quantitative Variable?

Back

A quantitative variable is a numerical measurement for which operations can be applied, e.g., age, height, weight.

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