Genetics Review

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What is incomplete dominance?

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A genetic scenario where the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of both alleles, resulting in a third phenotype (e.g., red and white flowers producing pink flowers).

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What is complete dominance?

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A pattern of inheritance where one allele completely masks the expression of another allele for the same trait (e.g., RR vs. rr results in all red flowers).

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What is codominance?

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A genetic scenario where both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed, resulting in offspring with a phenotype that is neither dominant nor recessive (e.g., AB blood type).

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What is the genotype of a homozygous dominant organism?

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An organism with two identical dominant alleles for a trait (e.g., RR for red flowers).

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What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive organism?

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An organism with two identical recessive alleles for a trait (e.g., rr for white flowers).

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What is a heterozygous genotype?

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An organism with two different alleles for a trait (e.g., Rr for a plant with red flowers).

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What is the phenotypic ratio in a monohybrid cross of two heterozygous parents (Rr x Rr)?

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The phenotypic ratio is 3:1 (3 red flowers to 1 white flower).

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What is independent assortment?

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The principle that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during gamete formation.

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What is crossing over?

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The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation.

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What is the primary source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

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Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis.