Hypothesis Tests (Unit 9)

Front

What is the alpha level in hypothesis testing?

Back

The pre-set threshold for significance.

Front

What does a P-value indicate?

Back

The probability of obtaining the results (or one more extreme) if the null hypothesis is true.

Front

If the p-value is less than α, what do we do?

Back

We reject H0.

Front

What are the null and alternative hypotheses if the success rate in treating a certain type of lung cancer is .75 and we want to show a new treatment is better?

Back

H0: p = 0.75, Ha: p > 0.75.

Front

State the alternative hypothesis for the claim that fewer than half of adult Americans can name at least one justice currently serving on the US Supreme Court.

Back

Ha: p < 0.5, where p is the true proportion of Americans who can name one justice currently serving.

Front

What is a null hypothesis (H0)?

Back

A statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it is the hypothesis that researchers aim to test against.

Front

What is an alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

Back

A statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.

Front

What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

It means that the evidence suggests that the null hypothesis is not true, and the alternative hypothesis may be true.

Front

What is a Type I error?

Back

The error made when the null hypothesis is true but is incorrectly rejected.

Front

What is a Type II error?

Back

The error made when the null hypothesis is false but is incorrectly accepted.