Uniformed Protective Services Key Terms

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Human and animal behaviour can be explained through the use of conditioning. Thoughts and feelings are not considered to influence behaviour and neither do inherited factors.

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Behaviourist Approach

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The use of a familiar stimulus to influence behaviour towards a new stimulus by repeatedly pairing them together. E.g. Pavlov’s dog

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Classical Conditioning

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The use of reinforcement, both positive and negative, to influence how new behaviours are learnt and how old behaviours are modified. E.g. the Skinner Box.

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Operant Conditioning

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The use of positive reinforcement or reward following a particular behaviour to reinforce learning to ensure that the outcome is repeated.

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Positive Reinforcement

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The removal of an unfavourable outcome.

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Negative Reinforcement

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A thing or event that causes an individual to react.

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Stimulus

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Individuals learn from observing others, imitating and modelling. E.g. Bandura’s Bobo Doll.

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Social Learning Theory

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Behaviour is explained by unconscious thoughts and emotions. E.g. Sigmund Freud’s iceberg analogy.

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Psychodynamic approach

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The experiences of the senses in the here and now.

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Conscious Thinking

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The easily accessible part of the mind that stores experiences, memories and skills.

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Subconscious Mind