Unit 11 Flashcard Review

Front

What is the definition of concentration in a solution?

Back

Concentration is the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solvent or solution, often expressed in terms of mass per volume (e.g., grams per liter) or parts per million (ppm).

Front

How do you calculate parts per million (ppm)?

Back

ppm = (mass of solute in grams / mass of solution in grams) x 1,000,000.

Front

What is a saturated solution?

Back

A saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure.

Front

What happens to a saturated solution when cooled?

Back

When a saturated solution is cooled, it may precipitate some of the solute, as the solubility of the solute typically decreases with temperature.

Front

What is the effect of adding a solute on the boiling point of a solution?

Back

Adding a solute to a solvent raises the boiling point of the solution, a phenomenon known as boiling point elevation.

Front

What is the effect of adding a solute on the freezing point of a solution?

Back

Adding a solute to a solvent lowers the freezing point of the solution, a phenomenon known as freezing point depression.

Front

What is the formula for calculating the change in boiling point?

Back

ΔT_b = i * K_b * m, where ΔT_b is the boiling point elevation, i is the van 't Hoff factor, K_b is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

Front

What is the formula for calculating the change in freezing point?

Back

ΔT_f = i * K_f * m, where ΔT_f is the freezing point depression, i is the van 't Hoff factor, K_f is the cryoscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

Front

What is the van 't Hoff factor (i)?

Back

The van 't Hoff factor (i) is the number of particles the solute breaks into when dissolved in a solution.

Front

How do you determine the amount of solute needed for a saturated solution at a specific temperature?

Back

Refer to solubility charts that provide the maximum solubility of the solute in a solvent at various temperatures.