Front

What is the formal charge of an atom?

Back

The formal charge of an atom is the charge assigned to it in a molecule, calculated by comparing the number of valence electrons in the free atom to the number of electrons assigned to it in the molecule.

Front

How do you calculate the formal charge of an atom in a molecule?

Back

Formal charge = (Valence electrons) - (Non-bonding electrons) - (1/2 Bonding electrons)

Front

What is the significance of a formal charge of 0 in a molecule?

Back

A formal charge of 0 indicates that the molecule is neutral and stable, which is often preferred in covalent bonding.

Front

What is a bond angle?

Back

A bond angle is the angle formed between three atoms across at least two bonds.

Front

Which molecule has the largest bond angle: NH3, OF2, HCN, or H2O?

Back

HCN has the largest bond angle.

Front

What are numerical prefixes used for in covalent bonding?

Back

Numerical prefixes are used to indicate the number of atoms in a molecule when naming covalent compounds.

Front

What is the bond type of a molecule with a significant difference in electronegativity between its atoms?

Back

The bond type is ionic.

Front

What is a polar bond?

Back

A polar bond is a type of covalent bond where the electrons are not shared equally between the two atoms, resulting in a dipole moment.

Front

What is a nonpolar bond?

Back

A nonpolar bond is a type of covalent bond where the electrons are shared equally between the two atoms.

Front

What is the difference between polar and nonpolar molecules?

Back

Polar molecules have a net dipole moment due to the presence of polar bonds, while nonpolar molecules do not have a net dipole moment.