Heredity Flashcard Study Guide 2025

Front

What is an observable trait?

Back

An observable trait is a characteristic that can be seen or measured, such as flower color or height.

Front

What are segments of DNA on a chromosome that code for a specific trait called?

Back

Genes.

Front

In genetics, what does the term 'allele' refer to?

Back

An allele is a variant form of a gene that can result in different traits.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

A dominant allele expresses its trait even if only one copy is present, while a recessive allele only expresses its trait if two copies are present.

Front

If a heterozygous red-flowered shrub (Rr) is crossed with a white-flowered shrub (rr), what is the probability of getting white-flowered offspring?

Back

50%.

Front

What does a Punnett square illustrate?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms.

Front

What is the genotype of a plant that is homozygous for tallness?

Back

TT.

Front

What is the probability of producing heterozygous offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents (Tt x Tt)?

Back

50%.

Front

What does the term 'phenotype' mean?

Back

Phenotype refers to the observable physical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

Front

What is the role of chromosomes in heredity?

Back

Chromosomes carry genes, which are the units of heredity that determine traits.