Mutations, DNA and Genetic Engineering

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What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome.

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Are all mutations harmful?

Back

No, not all mutations are harmful; some can be beneficial or neutral.

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What is DNA?

Back

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.

Front

What is genetic engineering?

Back

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism's genes using biotechnology.

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What can body cell mutations lead to?

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Body cell mutations can contribute to diseases such as cancer.

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What causes mutations?

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Mutations can be caused by mistakes in DNA replication or environmental factors.

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What is a karyotype?

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A karyotype is a visual representation of an individual's chromosomes.

Front

How can you determine the sex of an individual from a karyotype?

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The presence of XX chromosomes indicates female, while XY indicates male.

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What is the role of environmental substances in mutations?

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Environmental substances, such as chemicals or radiation, can cause changes in DNA.

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What is the difference between germline and somatic mutations?

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Germline mutations occur in reproductive cells and can be passed to offspring, while somatic mutations occur in body cells and are not inherited.