Protein Synthesis

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What is Protein Synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is mRNA?

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Messenger RNA, a type of RNA that carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is a Codon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

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What is an Anticodon?

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A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA during translation.

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What is the role of Ribosomes in Protein Synthesis?

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Ribosomes are the cellular machinery that facilitate the translation of mRNA into a polypeptide chain (protein).

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What is Transcription?

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, specifically mRNA, which occurs in the nucleus.

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What is Translation?

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The process by which ribosomes read mRNA sequences and assemble amino acids into polypeptides (proteins).

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What is a Stop Codon?

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A codon that signals the termination of protein synthesis; examples include UAA, UAG, and UGA.

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What is the significance of the Start Codon?

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The start codon (AUG) signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

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What is the Genetic Code?

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The set of rules by which information encoded in mRNA is translated into proteins, consisting of codons.