Biology Semester 2 Midterm Review

Front

Are all mutations bad?

Back

No, not all mutations are harmful; some can be beneficial or neutral.

Front

What enzyme unwinds and unzips the double helix during DNA replication?

Back

DNA Helicase.

Front

What is the process called where better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring?

Back

Natural Selection.

Front

If a pedigree shows an autosomal recessive disorder, what MUST the genotype of individual II-3 be?

Back

hh.

Front

What is the correct order of DNA replication?

Back

3, 4, 1, 2.

Front

Define mutation in the context of genetics.

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in phenotype.

Front

What is the role of DNA Polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA Polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

Explain the concept of natural selection.

Back

Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

Front

What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

Back

Dominant alleles express their traits even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their traits.

Front

What is a pedigree chart used for?

Back

A pedigree chart is used to track the inheritance of traits across generations in a family.