Marathon Runner Concepts

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Cellular Respiration

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The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into ATP (energy), producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

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Primary energy carrier in cells, storing and transferring energy needed for cellular functions.

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Glucose

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A simple sugar that is an essential energy source for cellular respiration; stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

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Glycogen

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A stored form of glucose found in the liver and muscles, used as a quick energy reserve when blood glucose levels are low.

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Mitochondria

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Organelles within cells that act as 'powerhouses,' where cellular respiration occurs to produce ATP.

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Oxygen

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A vital molecule required for aerobic respiration, allowing cells to efficiently produce ATP from glucose.

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Lactic Acid

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A byproduct of anaerobic respiration that builds up in muscles during intense activity, potentially causing fatigue.

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Aerobic Respiration

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Energy-producing process that requires oxygen, generating ATP through the breakdown of glucose in the mitochondria.

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Anaerobic Respiration

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Energy production process that does not require oxygen, producing less ATP and resulting in lactic acid as a byproduct.

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Endocrine System

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Body system that includes glands (such as the pancreas, adrenal glands, and thyroid) that produce hormones to regulate bodily functions like metabolism, growth, and energy balance.