An angled cut made across the face of a board.

A cut made along the length of the wood grain.

Wood from gymnosperm trees, typically softer and easier to work with.

Lumber cut tangentially to the growth rings, resulting in a distinctive grain pattern with cathedral arches and more efficient yield from the log.

Lumber cut perpendicular to the growth rings, producing a straight grain pattern, increased stability, and distinctive fleck or ribbon patterns, especially in species like oak.

Lumber cut at a 30 to 60-degree angle to the growth rings, yielding a consistent, linear grain pattern with high stability and a uniform appearance.

Surface impressions left on wood by saw blades or cutting tools during milling, often sanded or planed away in finishing but sometimes left for a rustic look.

The protective outer layer of a tree, composed of dead cells on the outside (outer bark) and living cells just beneath (inner bark or phloem), which transports nutrients throughout the tree.

The central, non-living part of a tree trunk, typically darker and more resistant to decay, providing structural support.

The outer, living layers of wood in a tree that transport water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves, usually lighter in color than heartwood.

The central core of a tree trunk, composed of soft, spongy tissue that was part of the tree when it was young, often negligible in older trees.

The part of the tree that anchors it into the soil, absorbs water and nutrients, and stores food for the tree.

The upper part of the tree, including the branches and leaves, where photosynthesis takes place.

Sap-the tree uses resin as a bandage from insects it also makes the tree grow. Changes the color of the wood.

The main structural support of the tree, consisting of layers of bark, cambium, heartwood, sapwood, and pith, which transports water and nutrients and supports the crown.

The wide, flat surfaces of the board. Boards have two faces, which are usually the most visible and often the most important surfaces in woodworking projects.

The narrower, longitudinal sides of the board that run parallel to the faces. Boards have two edges, which are typically the thickness dimension.

The short, cross-sectional sides of the board that run perpendicular to the faces and edges. Boards have two ends, which show the grain pattern and are often where cuts are made to adjust length.

The direction, texture, and pattern of the wood fibers. The grain influences the board's appearance and how it should be worked or cut.

A hard, cross-grained mass of wood where a branch was once attached to the tree. Knots can be aesthetic features but can also weaken the board.

Surfaced on 2 sides (1 face and 1 edge)

Surfaced on 4 sides (2 Faces and 2 edges)

A unit of measurement for lumber volume. One board foot is equivalent to a piece of wood that is 12 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 1 inch thick. It is calculated using the formula L x W x T / 144

The process of drying lumber by exposing it to natural air, typically outdoors, to reduce its moisture content over time. 1-3 years

The process of drying lumber in a controlled environment using a kiln, which regulates temperature, humidity, and airflow to quickly and uniformly reduce the wood's moisture content. 6 weeks

The practice of placing small, thin strips of wood (called stickers) between layers of lumber during the drying process. This helps to ensure that air can flow between the boards.

Bowing is a warp where the edges of a board or panel curve along its length, causing a concave or convex shape. This type of warp typically occurs due to uneven drying or tension release within the wood fibers.

Crooking is a warp where a board or panel twists along its length, causing one corner to be higher or lower than the opposite corner. Crooking can result from stresses in the wood or uneven drying.

Cupping is a warp where the edges of a board or panel curl inwards or outwards along its width, creating a concave or convex shape. Cupping often occurs due to differences in moisture content across the thickness of the wood.

Twisting is a warp where a board or panel becomes twisted or spiraled along its length. This type of warp can result from uneven drying, tension release, or irregular grain patterns in the wood.

A piece of a board one foot in length regardless of the width or thickness.

A measurement of area, and area is the measurement of any two-dimensional space contained within a set of lines. Square or its equivalent regardless of thickness 12” x 12” = 144”

Adjoining surfaces that meet at any right angle.

To plane a piece of lumber flat and straight, with parallel faces and all adjacent surfaces at right angles to each other.

Penetrates into the wood to enhance its natural beauty while providing some protection.

Adds color to wood while also providing some protection and highlighting the grain.

Creates a clear, hard, and glossy film on the wood surface, offering excellent protection against moisture and abrasion.

Similar to varnishes but dries faster and can be sprayed on for a smoother finish.

Opaque finishes that cover the wood surface with a layer of pigment, providing both protection and a wide range of color options.

The annual rings visible on the inside of the tree which helps determine the age of the tree a new ring is created every year.

Woodworking Terms and Definitions Flashcards

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48 questions

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1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Bevel

Back

An angled cut made along the edge or end of a material.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Crosscut

Back

A cut made across the grain of the wood.

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Face Grain

Back

The surface of a board where the grain is most visible.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Grain

Back

The alignment, texture, and appearance of the fibers in wood.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Hardwood

Back

Wood from angiosperm trees, typically harder and more durable.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Jig

Back

A custom-made tool used to control the location and/or motion of another tool.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Kerf

Back

The width of the cut made by a saw blade.

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