Chapter 11/12 Biology Review

Front

How did cyanobacteria change the Earth?

Back

Cyanobacteria added oxygen to the air, significantly altering the planet's atmosphere and enabling aerobic life.

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What is reproductive isolation?

Back

Reproductive isolation occurs when different populations can no longer mate successfully, preventing gene flow between them.

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What is divergent evolution?

Back

Divergent evolution is the process where closely related species evolve in different directions, leading to increased differences between them.

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What is a bottleneck effect?

Back

A bottleneck effect occurs when a population is greatly reduced by a cataclysmic event, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.

Front

What are the five factors that lead to evolution?

Back

The five factors are genetic drift, gene flow, mutations, sexual selection, and natural selection.

Front

What is genetic drift?

Back

Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population.

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What is gene flow?

Back

Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material between populations, which can increase genetic diversity.

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What are mutations?

Back

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to new traits and contribute to evolution.

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What is sexual selection?

Back

Sexual selection is a form of natural selection where individuals with certain traits are more likely to attract mates.

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.