Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-base (Ch 21-22) Human Bodies

Front

What hormone promotes Na+ (and therefore water) loss from the blood to kidney tubules?

Back

Atrial natriuretic hormone (ANH) acts as a diuretic, promoting the excretion of sodium and water.

Front

Which organ is primarily responsible for metabolic imbalances in the body?

Back

The kidney is responsible for regulating electrolyte balance and metabolic waste.

Front

What are acidic substances in the blood that result from excessive metabolism of fats called?

Back

Ketone bodies are produced during fat metabolism and can lead to acidosis.

Front

Where on the pH scale would you find a substance with the largest number of H+ ions?

Back

The 1-2 region of the pH scale is highly acidic and has the highest concentration of H+ ions.

Front

What enzyme in red blood cells assists in the formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3)?

Back

Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid.

Front

What is the primary function of aldosterone in the body?

Back

Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels, promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion.

Front

What is the role of the lungs in acid-base balance?

Back

The lungs help regulate blood pH by controlling the levels of carbon dioxide through respiration.

Front

Define metabolic acidosis.

Back

Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by a decrease in blood pH due to increased acid production or decreased bicarbonate.

Front

What is the significance of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in the body?

Back

Bicarbonate acts as a buffer to maintain pH balance in the blood.

Front

What is the normal pH range of human blood?

Back

The normal pH range of human blood is approximately 7.35 to 7.45.