AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 7.5: Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

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What is Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

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A principle that describes the genetic variation in a population that is not evolving, where allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation.

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What is the significance of population size in Hardy-Weinberg?

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The population size should be large to minimize the effects of genetic drift.

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What condition must be met regarding gene flow for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

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There must be no gene flow, meaning no migration of individuals into or out of the population.

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What is the role of mutations in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

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There should be no mutations occurring in the population.

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What type of mating is required for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?

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Random mating is required, meaning individuals pair by chance.

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What is allele frequency?

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The percent of a specific allele in the population.

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What is the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

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p² + 2pq + q² = 1, where p and q are the frequencies of the two alleles.

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What does 'p' represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

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The frequency of the dominant allele in the population.

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What does 'q' represent in the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

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The frequency of the recessive allele in the population.

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What is genetic drift?

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A mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population.