Upper Secondary Biology - Genetics and DNA

Front

What is the relationship between chromosomes, genes, and DNA?

Back

Chromosomes are made of DNA, which contains genes. Genes are segments of DNA that provide instructions for making proteins.

Front

What is DNA?

Back

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) is a nucleic acid that contains genetic instructions for the development of all living organisms.

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is structured as a double helix, made of two strands of nucleotides linked by hydrogen bonding between complementary base pairs

Front

What are nucleotides?

Back

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is the rule of complementary base pairing in DNA?

Back

A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that translates DNA sequences into proteins.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are triplet sequences of nucleotides in DNA that code for specific amino acids.

Front

What is protein synthesis?

Back

Protein synthesis is the process by which cells create proteins based on the instructions in genes.

Front

What is genetic engineering?

Back

Genetic engineering is the manipulation of an organism's DNA to change its characteristics.