AP Biology Unit 2 Review

Front

What is an integral membrane protein?

Back

A protein that spans the lipid bilayer of a cell membrane, typically amphipathic with at least one hydrophobic region.

Front

What is the primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Back

The smooth ER is responsible for assembling phospholipids and synthesizing lipids.

Front

How do unsaturated phospholipids affect membrane fluidity?

Back

A greater proportion of unsaturated phospholipids increases membrane fluidity due to the presence of kinks in their tails that prevent tight packing.

Front

What does isotonic mean in relation to cell solutions?

Back

An isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as the cell, resulting in no net movement of water.

Front

What is the flow of organelles in the endomembrane system for protein export?

Back

Nucleus → Ribosome → Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) → Golgi Body → Vesicle → Cell Membrane.

Front

Define amphipathic molecules.

Back

Molecules that have both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) regions.

Front

What role do ribosomes play in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized by translating messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Back

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

How does temperature affect membrane fluidity?

Back

Higher temperatures increase membrane fluidity, while lower temperatures decrease it.

Front

What is the difference between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

Back

A hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than the cell, causing water to leave the cell; a hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration, causing water to enter the cell.