AP Biology Cell Structure and Function

Front

What is the Endosymbiosis hypothesis?

Back

The Endosymbiosis hypothesis suggests that large bacteria engulfed small bacteria, leading to the formation of eukaryotic cells, where mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from these engulfed prokaryotes.

Front

What organelle is responsible for cellular respiration?

Back

Mitochondria are the organelles that convert glucose sugar into ATP during cellular respiration.

Front

What type of molecules do ribosomes produce in high quantities?

Back

Ribosomes are primarily involved in the production of proteins.

Front

Which of the following is NOT part of a prokaryotic cell?

Back

Nucleolus is not part of a prokaryotic cell; prokaryotes lack a defined nucleus.

Front

What are the essential components found in all cells?

Back

All cells contain cytoplasm, a cell membrane, and genetic material.

Front

Define prokaryotic cells.

Back

Prokaryotic cells are simple, unicellular organisms that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, such as bacteria.

Front

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

Back

The Golgi Apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Front

What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Back

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in the synthesis of proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER), as well as detoxification.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis, translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains.

Front

What is the structure and function of the cell membrane?

Back

The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.