Front

What is the target blood pressure for hypertensive individuals? Options: > 140/90 mmHg, < 160/100 mmHg, < 140/90 mmHg, > 160/100 mmHg

Back

< 140/90 mmHg

Answer explanation

< 140/90 mmHg for all

< 140/80 mmHg for patients with diabetes

< 130/80 mmHg for patients with ischaemic heart disease/ cerebrovascular disease/renal impairment

Front

The target goals for hypertension management include the following, except: Achieve blood pressure < 140/90 mmHg, Achieve normal BMI, Prevent the risk of hypertension complications, Reduce potassium intake

Back

Reduce potassium intake

Answer explanation

Encourage food intake that high in potassium such as fruits and vegetables, low fat dairy products, poultry, fish, nuts. legumes but limit red meats, sweet and sugary beverages. Studies shown that individuals with normal renal function and not risk of hyperkalaemia, intake of high dietary potassium can reduce SBP/DBP by 3.49/1.96 mmHg.

Front

The following are the risk factors for Pregnancy Induced Hypertension, except: Multiple gestation, Polyhydramnios, Maternal age < 20 years and > 35 years

Back

Normal gestational weight gain

Answer explanation

Normal gestational weight gain is typically associated with healthy pregnancy outcomes and is recommended to ensure optimal maternal and foetal health.

Polyhydramnios - having too much amniotic fluid (the fluid surrounding the baby in the womb) during pregnancy. This condition increases the risk of PIH by causing uterine distension, which can lead to increased blood pressure.

Front

The following are the other names for salt, except: Baking Soda, Monosodium glutamate, Sodium Bicarbonate

Back

Phosphate chloride

Answer explanation

Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride. Phosphate chloride refers to a compound containing phosphate (PO₄³⁻) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions, which is not the same as sodium chloride.

Front

The following are health problems caused by consuming foods high in salt, except: Hypertension, Heart Disease, Stroke, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Back

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Answer explanation

COPD is a group of lung diseases that are most commonly caused by long-term exposure to harmful substances such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational dust and chemicals.

Front

Which nutrient the best can lower blood pressure? Options: Sodium, Cadmium, Calcium, Phosphorus

Back

Calcium

Answer explanation

Studies shown that adequate calcium intake may play a role in preventing and managing HTN.

Front

The following type of diets significantly lower blood pressure, except: Western diet, Nordic diet, DASH diet, Mediterranean diet

Back

Western diet

Answer explanation

Western diet is characterized by high intake of processed foods, red meat, refined sugars, unhealthy fats and low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The poor nutrient quality, high sodium, and unhealthy fat content of this diet is strongly linked to an increased risk of developing hypertension.

Front

What is the recommended sodium intake for hypertensive individuals?

Back

Limit < 2g/day

Answer explanation

Recommended intake of salt is 5g/day = 1 level teaspoon of salt = 2000mg/day of sodium

Front

Here are tips to reduce salt while eating, except: Reduce sipping the gravy / soup, Do not add extra sauce / soy sauce in food, Stop eating if the food tastes salty

Back

Drink plenty of water to reduce the salty taste

Front

An increase in vascular resistance can increase blood pressure.

Back

True

Answer explanation

An increase in vascular resistance occurs when the blood vessels constrict or become narrower, making it harder for blood to flow through them. This forces the heart to pump harder, which increases blood pressure.