Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering IGCSE

Front

What is gene modification?

Back

Gene modification is the process of altering the DNA of an organism by inserting, deleting, or changing segments of its genetic material.

Front

What does 'transgenic' mean?

Back

Transgenic refers to an organism that has had DNA from another organism spliced into its genome.

Front

How can genetic engineering improve crops?

Back

Genetic engineering can improve crops by making them pest or drought resistant, more nutritious, and larger.

Front

What is the function of stirring paddles in a fermenter?

Back

The stirring paddles mix the solution to keep nutrients and temperature evenly distributed.

Front

What are vectors in genetic engineering?

Back

Vectors are agents, such as plasmids, yeast, and viruses, used to transfer genetic material into a host organism.

Front

What is a plasmid?

Back

A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA, often used as a vector in genetic engineering.

Front

What is gene therapy?

Back

Gene therapy is a technique that modifies a person's genes to treat or prevent disease, often by inserting a healthy gene to replace a defective one.

Front

What is selective breeding?

Back

Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants or animals for specific traits, enhancing desirable characteristics over generations.

Front

What is the role of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?

Back

Restriction enzymes are proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences, allowing scientists to manipulate genetic material.

Front

What is the purpose of genetic modification in agriculture?

Back

The purpose of genetic modification in agriculture is to enhance crop yield, resistance to pests, and nutritional value.