Sampling Methods and Types of Bias

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What is a sample in statistics?

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A sample is a subset of a population used to represent the entire group.

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What is a population in statistics?

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A population is the entire group of individuals or instances about whom we hope to learn.

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What is convenience sampling?

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Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.

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What is random sampling?

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Random sampling is a technique where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

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What is stratified sampling?

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Stratified sampling is a method of sampling that involves dividing the population into subgroups (strata) and then taking a sample from each stratum.

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What is cluster sampling?

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Cluster sampling is a sampling technique where the population is divided into clusters, and entire clusters are randomly selected.

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What is response bias?

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Response bias occurs when participants provide inaccurate responses due to various factors, such as misunderstanding the question or social desirability.

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What is non-response bias?

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Non-response bias occurs when individuals selected for the sample do not respond, leading to a sample that may not represent the population.

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What is voluntary response bias?

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Voluntary response bias occurs when individuals can choose whether to participate in a survey, often leading to an overrepresentation of those with strong opinions.

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What is undercoverage bias?

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Undercoverage bias occurs when some members of the population are inadequately represented in the sample.