Signal Transduction & Cell Communication

Front

What do second messengers do?

Back

Relay messages from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.

Front

What is programmed cell death known as?

Back

Apoptosis.

Front

What type of receptors are Gated ion channels?

Back

They are a type of receptor that opens or closes in response to a signal, allowing ions to flow across the membrane.

Front

What type of signaling occurs when a nerve cell releases acetylcholine to trigger a neighboring muscle cell to contract?

Back

Paracrine signaling.

Front

What is paracrine signaling?

Back

A form of cell signaling where the target cell is close to the signal-releasing cell.

Front

What is the role of G-protein coupled receptors?

Back

They transmit signals from outside the cell to the inside, activating intracellular signaling pathways.

Front

What is the difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?

Back

Endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant targets, while paracrine signaling affects nearby cells.

Front

What is apoptosis and why is it important?

Back

Apoptosis is programmed cell death, crucial for development and maintaining tissue homeostasis.

Front

What are the main components of signal transduction pathways?

Back

Receptors, second messengers, and effector proteins.

Front

What is the function of second messengers in signal transduction?

Back

They amplify the signal and distribute it within the cell.