Basic Genetics Flashcard

Front

What is a heterozygous genotype?

Back

A heterozygous genotype has two different alleles for a trait, such as Hh.

Front

What are alleles?

Back

Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist for a particular trait.

Front

What does the term 'genotype' refer to?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all its alleles.

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

Phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.

Front

What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?

Back

Homozygous means having two identical alleles (e.g., RR or rr), while heterozygous means having two different alleles (e.g., Rr).

Front

What is a Punnett square?

Back

A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible allele combinations.

Front

What is the role of chromosomes in genetics?

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Chromosomes are structures that carry genes and are made of DNA; they contain the genetic information of an organism.

Front

What is a dominant allele?

Back

A dominant allele is one that expresses its trait even when only one copy is present in the genotype.

Front

What is a recessive allele?

Back

A recessive allele is one that only expresses its trait when two copies are present in the genotype.

Front

What does it mean for an allele to be codominant?

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Codominant alleles are both expressed equally in the phenotype of a heterozygous organism.