Models of Acids and Bases Flashcard

Front

What is a conjugate acid-base pair?

Back

A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two species that transform into each other by the gain or loss of a proton (H⁺). For example, H₂O and OH⁻ are a conjugate pair.

Front

What does the Arrhenius model of acids and bases state?

Back

The Arrhenius model defines acids as substances that increase the concentration of H⁺ ions in aqueous solution, and bases as substances that increase the concentration of OH⁻ ions.

Front

What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

Back

A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a substance that donates a proton (H⁺) to another substance.

Front

What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

Back

A Bronsted-Lowry base is a substance that accepts a proton (H⁺) from another substance.

Front

What is the common term for a hydrogen ion?

Back

Proton.

Front

What does it mean for a substance to be amphoteric?

Back

An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid and a base depending on the reaction context.

Front

What is the significance of hydronium ions in acid-base chemistry?

Back

Hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) are formed when an acid donates a proton to water, and they are a key indicator of acidity in solution.

Front

What is the difference between strong and weak acids?

Back

Strong acids completely dissociate in water, while weak acids only partially dissociate.

Front

What is a neutralization reaction?

Back

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt.

Front

What is the pH scale?

Back

The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic), with 7 being neutral.