Reported speech Simple present and simple past

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What is reported speech?

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Reported speech is a way of conveying what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. It often involves changes in verb tense, pronouns, and time expressions.

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How do you convert present simple to reported speech?

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In reported speech, the present simple tense changes to the past simple tense. For example, 'I go' becomes 'he said (that) he went.'

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How do you convert past simple to reported speech?

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In reported speech, the past simple tense changes to the past perfect tense. For example, 'I walked' becomes 'she said (that) she had walked.'

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What is the structure of reported speech for statements?

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The structure is: Subject + reporting verb + (that) + reported clause. For example, 'She said (that) she was happy.'

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What happens to pronouns in reported speech?

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Pronouns often change to match the perspective of the speaker. For example, 'I' becomes 'he' or 'she' depending on who is speaking.

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How do you report a negative statement in reported speech?

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In reported speech, negative statements maintain their negative form. For example, 'I don't like apples' becomes 'he said (that) he didn't like apples.'

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What is the rule for reporting questions?

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When reporting questions, the structure changes to a statement form, and the question word is retained. For example, 'Where are you?' becomes 'She asked where I was.'

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How do you report commands or requests?

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Commands or requests are reported using verbs like 'tell' or 'ask' followed by 'to' + base form of the verb. For example, 'Close the door' becomes 'He told me to close the door.'

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What is the significance of the word 'that' in reported speech?

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The word 'that' is optional in reported speech. It can be included for clarity, but it is often omitted in informal speech.

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How do you report a statement in the present continuous tense?

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In reported speech, the present continuous tense changes to the past continuous tense. For example, 'I am eating' becomes 'he said (that) he was eating.'