Understanding AC and DC Current in Mobile Chargers

Front

How does alternating current (AC) differ from direct current (DC)?

Back

AC current changes direction continuously, while DC current flows in one direction.

Front

What does a charger do to the AC power from the wall?

Back

It converts 230V AC into 5V DC.

Front

What is the role of a step-down transformer in a charger?

Back

It decreases the high voltage AC from the wall to a lower, safer AC voltage.

Front

What does a diode do in a rectifier?

Back

It allows current to flow in only one direction.

Front

What is the purpose of the bridge rectifier?

Back

To ensure the current flows in the same direction during both the positive and negative half cycles of the AC signal.

Front

What happens when the input voltage rises in relation to the capacitor?

Back

The capacitor charges and current flows to the load.

Front

What happens to the capacitor when the input voltage peaks and starts to fall?

Back

The capacitor discharges its stored energy to maintain voltage.

Front

What is the function of a voltage regulator in a charger?

Back

It ensures that the output voltage remains constant at 5V.

Front

What are the four steps involved in converting 230V AC to 5V DC?

Back

Step-Down Transformer, Rectifier, Capacitor, Voltage Regulator.