PERIODIC TRENDS

Front

What is ionization energy?

Back

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its gaseous state.

Front

Why does Francium (Fr) have the lowest ionization energy in Group 1?

Back

Its 1 valence electron is very far from the nucleus, so little energy is needed to remove it.

Front

What trend does ionization energy follow across a period?

Back

Ionization energy generally increases across a period from left to right.

Front

What trend does ionization energy follow down a group?

Back

Ionization energy generally decreases down a group.

Front

What is electronegativity?

Back

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Front

Which element has the highest electronegativity in Period 3?

Back

Chlorine (Cl) has the highest electronegativity in Period 3.

Front

What is the relationship between atomic radius and ionization energy?

Back

As atomic radius increases, ionization energy decreases.

Front

What is the atomic radius?

Back

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons.

Front

Which group has the smallest atomic radius?

Back

Noble Gases have the smallest atomic radius.

Front

What is the effective nuclear charge?

Back

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.