AP Biology Unit 7 Exam Review

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What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

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The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed in an experiment, often affected by changes in the independent variable.

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What is sexual selection?

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Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where individuals with certain inherited traits are more likely than others to obtain mates.

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What is directional selection?

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Directional selection is a type of natural selection that favors one extreme phenotype over the mean or other extreme, leading to a shift in the population's traits.

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What is the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

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The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is a principle that states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

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How do you calculate the frequency of the recessive allele in a population?

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If the frequency of the dominant allele (p) is known, the frequency of the recessive allele (q) can be calculated using the formula q = 1 - p.

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What is the endosymbiotic theory?

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The endosymbiotic theory proposes that certain organelles, like mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

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What is natural selection?

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Natural selection is the process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

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What is genetic drift?

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Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution that refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, often having a more significant effect in small populations.

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What is the bottleneck effect?

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The bottleneck effect is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events or human activities, leading to a loss of genetic diversity.

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What is stabilizing selection?

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Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection that favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes.