Unit 7 Genetics

Front

What is a genotype?

Back

The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by alleles (e.g., TT, Tt, tt).

Front

What is a phenotype?

Back

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.

Front

What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

Back

To predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of offspring from a genetic cross.

Front

What does homozygous mean?

Back

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., TT or tt).

Front

What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Tt).

Front

What is the law of segregation?

Back

The principle that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a trait separate from each other.

Front

What is a dominant allele?

Back

An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele.

Front

What is a recessive allele?

Back

An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present (homozygous).

Front

What are polygenic traits?

Back

Traits that are controlled by multiple genes, resulting in a range of phenotypes (e.g., skin color, height).

Front

What is a karyotype?

Back

A visual representation of an individual's chromosomes, used to assess chromosomal abnormalities.