Intermolecular Forces

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances.

Front

Name the three main types of intermolecular forces.

Back

1. London dispersion forces 2. Dipole-dipole interactions 3. Hydrogen bonding

Front

What is London dispersion force?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary dipoles in molecules due to the movement of electrons. They are present in all molecules, regardless of polarity.

Front

What is dipole-dipole interaction?

Back

Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Front

How do intermolecular forces affect boiling points?

Back

Stronger intermolecular forces result in higher boiling points, while weaker forces lead to lower boiling points.

Front

Which type of intermolecular force is present in water (H2O)?

Back

Water exhibits hydrogen bonding due to the presence of highly electronegative oxygen atoms bonded to hydrogen.

Front

What is the relationship between intermolecular forces and evaporation?

Back

Substances with stronger intermolecular forces require more energy to overcome these forces, resulting in longer evaporation times.

Front

Which has stronger intermolecular forces: CH3OH or CH3CH3?

Back

CH3OH (methanol) has stronger intermolecular forces due to hydrogen bonding, while CH3CH3 (ethane) has only London dispersion forces.

Front

What is the effect of temperature on intermolecular forces?

Back

Increasing temperature generally increases kinetic energy, which can overcome intermolecular forces, leading to phase changes like evaporation.